Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T03:22:01.215Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - Burundi

The Search for Constitutional Peace

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2022

Tom Ginsburg
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Sumit Bisarya
Affiliation:
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance
Get access

Summary

In August of 2000, after the intervention of international mediators, the government of Burundi and seventeen political parties signed the Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Agreement for Burundi with a constitution finally being signed in 2005. Burundi’s iterative cycles of ethnic violence and the underlying mistrust between the minority Tutsi, which controlled the military, and the majority Hutu are the backdrop on which the constitutional process was set. The entire process, based on the Peace of Arusha, was plagued by anxiety and insecurity, and the country to this day has not managed to find stable footing. From the debates over parliamentary apportionment to more recent struggles of the CNDD-FDD party to erase or rewrite the agreements made at Arusha, questions remain over the constitution’s initial intentions as well as its future.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bell, Christine. 2008. On the Law of Peace: Peace Agreements and the Lex Pacificatoria. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bentley, Kristina A., and Southall, Roger. 2005. An African Peace Process: Mandela, South Africa, and Burundi. Cape Town: HSRC Press.Google Scholar
Buyoya, Pierre. 2012. Les négociations interburundaises: La longue marche vers la paix. Paris: Editions L’Harmattan.Google Scholar
Daley, Patricia. 2007. “The Burundi Peace Negotiations: An African Experience of Peace-making.” Review of African Political Economy 34: 333352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elster, Jon. 1995. “Forces and Mechanisms in the Constitution Making Process.” Duke Law Journal 43: 364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grauvogel, Julia. 2015. “Regional Sanctions against Burundi: The Regime’s Argumentative Self-Entrapment.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 53(2): 169191.Google Scholar
Isabirye, Stephen B., and Mahmoudi, Kooros M.. 2000. “Rwanda, Burundi and Their ‘Ethnic’ Conflicts.Ethnic Studies Review 23: 6280.Google Scholar
International Crisis Group. 2000. “L’effet Mandela: Evaluation et perspectives du processus de paix Burundais.” Rapport ICG Afrique Centrale No. 13.Google Scholar
Lemarchand, René. 1970. Burundi and Rwanda. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Lemarchand, René. 2009. “The Burundi Genocide,” in Totten, Samuel and Parsons, William S., eds. Centuries of Genocide: Essays and Eyewitness Accounts. Third Edition. New York: Taylor & Francis Routledge. Accessed April 25, 2017. Available at https://tandfbis.s3.amazonaws.com/rt-media/pdf/9780415871921/chapter10_theburundi_genocide.pdf.Google Scholar
Lemarchand, René. 2011. “Burundi 1972: Genocide Denied, Revised and Remembered,” pp. 3741, in Lemarchand, René, ed. Forgotten Genocides: Oblivion, Denial and Memory. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Ndirubusa, Agnès. 2017. “La révision de la Constitution se dessine,” Iwacu. February 28, 2016. Available at www.iwacu-burundi.org/la-revision-de-la-constitution-se-dessine/.Google Scholar
Nibumona, Julien. 2008. “Du Mécanisme Institutionnel de la Reconstruction de L’etat au Burundi.” Cahier de l’IDEC 3(2). Available at www.idec.org.bi/index.php/documentation/les-archives/119-cahiers-de-l-idec/publications-2008/cahier-de-l-idec-vol-3-n-2/195-du-mecanisme-institutionnel-de-la-reconstruction-de-l-etat-au-burundi.Google Scholar
Reyntjens, Filip. 1994. L’ Afrique des Grands Lacs en crise, Rwanda, Burundi: 1988–1994. Paris: Karthala.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reyntjens, Filip. 1996. “Constitution-Making in Situations of Extreme Crisis: The Case of Rwanda and Burundi.” Journal of African Law 40(2): 234242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reyntjens, Filip. 2000. Burundi: Prospects for Peace. London: Minority Rights Group.Google Scholar
Reyntjens, Filip. 2015. “Burundi: Institutionalising Ethnicity to Bridge the Ethnic Divide,” pp. 2750, in Kuperman, Alan J., ed. Constitutions and Conflict Management in Africa. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Vandenginste, Stef. 2006. Théorie Consociative et Partage du Pouvoir au Burundi. Cahier 2006.04. Antwerp: Institut de Politique et de Gestion du Développement.Google Scholar
Vandenginste, Stef. 2009. “Power-Sharing, Conflict and Transition in Burundi: Twenty Years of Trial and Error.” Africa Spectrum: 44(3): 6386. Google Scholar
Vandenginste, Stef. 2015. “Burundi’s Electoral Crisis: Back to Power-Sharing Politics as Usual?” African Affairs 114(457): 624636.Google Scholar
Vandenginste, Stef. 2017. Exit Arusha? Pathways from Power-Sharing in Burundi. University of Antwerp: IOB Working Paper.Google Scholar
Weinstein, Warren. 1972. Conflict and Confrontation in Central Africa: The Revolt in Burundi. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Wolpe, Howard. 2011. Making Peace after Genocide: Anatomy of the Burundi Peace Process. Washington DC: USIP.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×