Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T03:39:50.152Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

4 - Congregation-Based Community Organizing

from Part I - Organizing and Activism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 April 2024

Brian D. Christens
Affiliation:
Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
Get access

Summary

Community organizing within local faith-based institutions (churches, synagogues, mosques, etc.) is now widespread in the US and has seen adoption in several other countries. As congregation-based organizing has grown and matured as a field over four decades, leaders have drawn strong connections between the social and political goals of community organizing and the religious traditions and values of the participating congregations. This blending of organizing practices and religious traditions has been crucial to the success of this approach. This chapter describes some of the practices that congregation-based community organizing initiatives employ to build power among residents who are actively participating in defining and deciding how to alter the systems that affect their lives. A statewide organizing federation (PICO California) and the reflections of influential organizer Jose Carrasco serve as a case example of the intertwining of interfaith values with a power-based organizing approach.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alinsky, S. D. (1971). Rules for radicals: A pragmatic primer for realistic radicals. Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Berube, A., Kim, A., Forman, B., & Burns, M. (2002). The price of paying taxes: How tax preparation and refund loan fees erode the benefits of EITC. Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Blackwell, A. G., Thompson, M., Freudenberg, N., Ayers, J., Schrantz, D., & Minkler, M. (2012) Using community organizing and community building to impact on policy. In Minkler, M. (Ed.), Community organizing and community building for health and welfare (3rd ed.) (pp. 371385). Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Brooks, F. (2007). The living wage movement: Potential implications for the working poor. Families in Society, 88(3), 437442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrasco, J. (2000, April 24). Beyond the Good Samaritan [Invited Talk]. Rutgers School of Social Work.Google Scholar
Chambers, E. T. (2003). Roots for radicals: Organizing for power, action, and justice. Continuum.Google Scholar
Christens, B. D. (2010). Public relationship building in grassroots community organizing: Relational intervention for individual and systems change. Journal of Community Psychology, 38(7), 886900.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christens, B. D., & Speer, P. W. (2011). Contextual influences on participation in community organizing: A multilevel longitudinal study. American Journal of Community Psychology, 47(3–4), 253263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christens, B. D., & Speer, P. W. (2015). Community organizing: Practice, research, and policy implications. Social Issues and Policy Review, 9(1), 193222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christens, B. D., Hanlin, C. E., & Speer, P. W. (2007). Getting the social organism thinking: Strategy for systems change. American Journal of Community Psychology, 39(3–4), 229238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christens, B. D., Jones, D. L., & Speer, P. W. (2008). Power, conflict, and spirituality: A qualitative study of faith-based community organizing. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 9(1), 21.Google Scholar
Christens, B. D., Peterson, N. A., & Speer, P. W. (2011). Community participation and psychological empowerment: Testing reciprocal causality using a cross-lagged panel design and latent constructs. Health Education & Behavior, 38(4), 339347.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cooper, D. G., & Christens, B. D. (2019). Justice system reform for health equity: A mixed methods examination of collaborating for equity and justice principles in a grassroots organizing coalition. Health Education & Behavior, 46(Suppl. 1), 62S70S.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Day, K. (2012). Introduction to the special issue on faith-based organizing in the USA. International Journal of Public Theology, 6(4), 383397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delehanty, J., & Oyakawa, M. (2018). Building a collective moral imaginary: Personalist culture and social performance in faith-based community organizing. American Journal of Cultural Sociology, 6(2), 266295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delgado, G. (1986). Organizing the movement: The roots and growth of ACORN. Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Deslippe, D. (2019). “As in a civics text come to life”: The East Brooklyn Congregations’ Nehemiah housing plan and “citizens power” in the 1980s. Journal of Urban History, 45(5), 10301049.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dokecki, P. R. (2004). The clergy sexual abuse crisis: Reform and renewal in the Catholic community. Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Ellen, I. G., Schill, M. H., Susin, S., & Schwartz, A. E. (2001). Building homes, reviving neighborhoods: Spillovers from subsidized construction of owner-occupied housing in New York City. Journal of Housing Research, 12(2), 185216.Google Scholar
Evans, P., & Sewell, W. H. (2013). The neoliberal era: Ideology, policy, and social effects. In Hall, P. A. & Lamont, M. (Eds.), Social resilience in the neoliberal era (pp. 3568). Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faith in Action. (2023, May 18). Where we work. Faith in Action. https://faithinactioninternational.org/where-we-work/Google Scholar
Fisher, R. (1994). Let the people decide: Neighborhood organizing in America. Twayne Publishers.Google Scholar
Fisher, R., Brooks, F., & Russell, D. (2007). “Don’t be a blockhead”: ACORN, protest tactics, and refund anticipation loans. Urban Affairs Review, 42(4), 553582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fligstein, N., & McAdam, D. (2012). A theory of fields. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franck, R., & Iannaccone, L. R. (2014). Religious decline in the 20th century West: Testing alternative explanations. Public Choice, 159, 385414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fulkerson, M. M. (2012). Receiving from the other: Theology and grass-roots organizing. International Journal of Public Theology, 6(4), 421434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ganz, M. (2010). Why David sometimes wins: Leadership, organization, and strategy in the California farm worker movement. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gellman, E. S., & Roll, J. (2011). The gospel of the working class: Labor’s southern prophets in New Deal America. University of Illinois Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, J. (2021). Resistance, race, and subjectivity in congregation-based community organizing. Journal of Community Psychology, 49(8), 31413161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Han, H., McKenna, E., & Oyakawa, M. (2021). Prisms of the people: Power and organizing in twenty-first century America. University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, S. (2001). Cultural dilemmas of progressive politics: Styles of engagement among grassroots activists. University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haug, C. (2013). Organizing spaces: Meeting arenas as a social movement infrastructure between organization, network, and institution. Organization Studies, 34(5–6), 705732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horwitt, S. D. (1989). Let them call me rebel: Saul Alinsky his life and times. Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Jacobsen, D. A. (2001). Doing justice: Congregations and community organizing. Fortress Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, K., Noe, T., Collins, D., Strader, T., & Bucholtz, G. (2000). Mobilizing church communities to prevent alcohol and other drug abuse: A model strategy and its evaluation. Journal of Community Practice, 7(2), 127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelley, R. D. G. (1990). Hammer and hoe: Alabama communists during the great depression. University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Langan, M. (2018). Neo-colonialism and the poverty of “development” in Africa. Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levad, A. (2019). Repairing the breach: Faith-based community organizing to dismantle mass incarceration. Religions, 10(1), 42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margolis, M. F. (2020). Who wants to make America great again? Understanding evangelical support for Donald Trump. Politics and Religion, 13(1), 89118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, I. (2006). Do living wage policies diffuse? Urban Affairs Review, 41(5), 710719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAlevey, J. F. (2016). No shortcuts: Organizing for power in the new gilded age. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, J. D., & Walker, E. T. (2004). Alternative organizational repertoires of poor people’s social movement organizations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 33(3), 97s119s.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Medellin, P. J., Speer, P. W., Christens, B. D., & Gupta, J. (2021). Transformation to leadership: Learning about self, the community, the organization, and the system. Journal of Community Psychology, 49(8), 31223140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morris, A. D. (1984). The origins of the civil rights movement: Black communities organizing for change. The Free Press.Google Scholar
Neal, J. W., & Christens, B. D. (2014). Linking the levels: Network and relational perspectives for community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 53(3–4), 314323.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O’Donovan, O. (2008). Church in crisis: The gay controversy and the Anglican communion. Cascade Books.Google Scholar
Olarinmoye, O. O. (2012). Faith-based organizations and development: Prospects and constraints. Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies, 29(1), 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osterman, P. (2002). Gathering power: The future of progressive politics in America. Beacon Press Books.Google Scholar
Osterman, P. (2006). Overcoming oligarchy: Culture and agency in social movement organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 51, 622649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oyakawa, M. (2015). “Turning private pain into public action”: The cultivation of identity narratives by a faith-based community organization. Qualitative Sociology, 38(4), 395415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Payne, C. M. (1995). I’ve got the light of freedom: The organizing tradition and the Mississippi freedom struggle. University of California Press.Google Scholar
Phipps, A. A., Heintz, K., & Franke, M. (1994). Evaluation of the Nehemiah Housing opportunity program. US Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research.Google Scholar
Pyysiäinen, J., Halpin, D., & Guilfoyle, A. (2017). Neoliberal governance and “responsibilization” of agents: Reassessing the mechanisms of responsibility-shift in neoliberal discursive environments. Distinktion: Journal of Social Theory, 18(2), 215235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ransby, B. (2003). Ella Baker & the Black Freedom Movement: A radical democratic vision. University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Rappaport, J. (1981). In praise of paradox: A social policy of empowerment over prevention. American Journal of Community Psychology, 9(1), 125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, B., & Hanna, M. G. (1994). Lessons for academics from grassroots community organizing: A case study – The Industrial Areas Foundation. Journal of Community Practice, 1(4), 6394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rusch, L., & Swarts, H. (2015). Practices of engagement: Comparing and integrating deliberation and organizing. Journal of Community Practice, 23(1), 526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Safford, S. (2009). Why the garden club couldn’t save Youngstown: The transformation of the rust belt. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Schutz, A., & Sandy, M. G. (2011). Collective action for social change: An introduction to community organizing. Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slate, N. (2012). Colored cosmopolitanism: The shared struggle for freedom in the United States and India. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Speer, P. W., & Christens, B. D. (2012). Local community organizing and change: Altering policy in the housing and community development system in Kansas City. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 22(5), 414427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Speer, P. W., & Christens, B. D. (2013). An approach to scholarly impact through strategic engagement in community-based research. Journal of Social Issues, 69(4), 734753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Speer, P. W., & Christens, B. D. (2015). Community organizing. In Scott, V. C. & Wolfe, S. M. (Eds.), Community psychology: Foundations for practice (pp. 220236). Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Speer, P. W., & Han, H. (2018). Re-engaging social relationships and collective dimensions of organizing to revive democratic practice. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 6(2), 745758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Speer, P. W., & Hughey, J. (1995). Community organizing: An ecological route to empowerment and power. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 729748.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Speer, P. W., Christens, B. D., & Peterson, N. A. (2021). Participation in community organizing: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of impacts on sociopolitical development. Journal of Community Psychology, 49(8), 31943214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Speer, P. W., Hughey, J., Gensheimer, L. K., & Adams-Leavitt, W. (1995). Organizing for power: A comparative case-study. Journal of Community Psychology, 23(1), 5773.3.0.CO;2-9>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Speer, P. W., Ontkush, M., Schmitt, B., Raman, P., Jackson, C., Rengert, K. M., & Peterson, N. A. (2003). The intentional exercise of power: Community organizing in Camden, New Jersey. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 13(5), 399408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Speer, P. W., Tesdahl, E. A., & Ayers, J. F. (2014). Community organizing practices in a globalizing era: Building power for health equity at the community level. Journal of Health Psychology, 19(1), 159169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steensland, B., & Wright, E. L. (2014). American evangelicals and conservative politics: Past, present, and future. Sociology Compass, 8(6), 705717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sugrue, T. J. (1995). Reassessing the history of postwar America. Prospects, 20, 493509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swarts, H. (2011). Drawing new symbolic boundaries over old social boundaries: Forging social movement unity in congregation-based community organizing. Sociological Perspectives, 54(3), 453477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vegter, A., & Kelley, M. (2020). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of gun ownership. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 59(3), 526540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warren, M. R. (1998). Community building and political power – A community organizing approach to democratic renewal. American Behavioral Scientist, 42(1), 7892.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warren, M. R. (2001). Dry bones rattling: Community building to revitalize American democracy. Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warren, M. R. (2009). Community organizing in Britain: The political engagement of faith-based social capital. City & Community, 8(2), 99127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warren, M. R., & Wood, R. L. (2001, October 30). Faith-based community organizing: The state of the field. Interfaith Funders. https://crcc.usc.edu/report/faith-based-community-organizing-the-state-of-the-field/Google Scholar
Whitman, G. (2018). Stand up!: How to get involved, speak out, and win in a world on fire. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.Google Scholar
Whyte, W. F., & Whyte, K. K. (1988). Making Mondragon: The growth and dynamics of the worker cooperative complex. Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Wittgenstein, L. (2009). Philosophical investigations. John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Wood, R. L. (1999). Religious culture and political action. Sociological Theory, 17(3), 307332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, R. L. (2002). Faith in action: Religion, race, and democratic organizing in America. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Wood, R. L. (2003, October 29). Renewing congregations: The contribution of faith-based community organizing. Interfaith Funders. https://crcc.usc.edu/report/renewing-congregations-the-contribution-of-faith-based-community-organizing/Google Scholar
Wood, R. L., & Fulton, B. R. (2015). A shared future: Faith-based organizing for racial equity and ethnical democracy. University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, R. L., & Warren, M. R. (2002). A different face of faith-based politics: Social capital and community organizing in the public arena. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 22(9–10), 654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, R. L., Fulton, B. R., & Partridge, K. (2012, October 29). Building bridges, building power: Developments in institution-based community organizing. Interfaith Funders. https://crcc.usc.edu/report/building-bridges-building-power-developments-in-institution-based-community-organizing/Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×