Preface

Summary

Since the creation of Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) in trapped atomic gases in 1995, there has been an enormous amount of research on ultracold quantum gases. However, most theoretical studies have ignored the dynamical effect of the thermally excited atoms. In this book, we try to give a clear development of the key ideas and theoretical techniques needed to deal with the dynamics and nonequilibrium behaviour of trapped Bose gases at finite temperatures. By limiting ourselves from the beginning to a relatively simple microscopic model, we can concentrate on the new physics which arises when dealing with the correlated motions of both the condensate and noncondensate degrees of freedom. This book also sets the stage for the future generalizations that will be needed to understand the coupled dynamics of the superfluid and normal fluid components in strongly interacting Bose gases, where there is significant depletion of the condensate even at T = 0.

The core of this book is based on a long paper published by the authors (Zaremba, Nikuni and Griffin, 1999). In the last decade, together with our coworkers, we have extended and applied this work in many additional papers. The starting point of our approach is not original, in that it consists of combining the Gross–Pitaevskii equation for the condensate with a Boltzmann equation for the noncondensate atoms. The kinetic equation for trapped superfluid Bose gases we use was first developed and studied in a pioneering series of papers by Kirkpatrick and Dorfman in 1985 on a uniform Bose gas at finite temperatures.