Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 March 2014
This essay seeks to analyse the modalities and implications of a style of writing which I call ‘rétro-écriture’; a style that evokes a nostalgia for heritage and the past, and whose name is drawn from recent studies in the field of retro-marketing. I examine the means by which this pact with the past responds to the nostalgic desires of a community of readers at the end of the Middle Ages in three late medieval Arthurian Romances – namely, through an experience of ancient literary material comparable to museum-visiting, and the paradoxical and playful co-presence of the ancient and the modern.
On observe aujourd'hui une forte tendance à valoriser les romans tardifs de la fin du quatorzième siècle-milieu quinzième siècle, à deux titres: comme les témoins d'une nostalgie du temps passé, réactivant la devise ‘d'armes et d'amour’, certes, mais aussi comme les précurseurs d'une forme de modernité. Après avoir considéré ces textes tardifs comme décadents, mal construits, la critique les pare désormais de nombre d'atouts, en partie avec raison, en partie parce que nous nous trouvons dans la situation des écrivains de la fin du Moyen Âge, où il faut faire avec ce qui reste, de façon toute pragmatique.
Le Moyen Âge finissant est un grand laboratoire qui expérimente de nouvelles formes à partir des reliques (modèles sanctifiés) et des restes (fragments dépecés) de la littérature antérieure. Démembrement, recyclage, nouvel assemblage sont autant de modalités du processus de récupération et de remploi que nous tenterons d'examiner ici.
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