Objectives: General To delineate the epidemiological and clinical profile of elderly individuals diagnosed with dementia who use antidementia drugs and are followed up in the Unified Health System (SUS), comparing them with a group that does not undergo pharmacological treatment, as well as the sociodemographic characteristics of their respective caregivers.

Specific

1. 1. Compare sociodemographic (age, sex, education, marital status, region), clinical (comorbidities, stage of dementia, most common symptoms, dementia medication used, use of other psychotropics) characteristics and caregiver profile (education, age, mental illness, formality of care, caregiver burden) between the group of people receiving pharmacological treatment for dementia and the group, also diagnosed with dementia, but not using medication for it.

2. 2. Test whether the geographic region is a modifying effect of the associations found in specific Objectives item 1.

3. 3. Identify, among individuals using psychotropic drugs for dementia, the type of medication used and at what stage of the disease it was introduced and is being used, and how access to the medication was achieved— purchased or dispensed by the SUS pharmacy.

Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational, case-control, and non- randomized study conducted in the five geopolitical regions of Brazil, including a total of 17 cities of different sizes (small, medium, and large). All 140 people interviewed and diagnosed with dementia, as well as their 140 respective caregivers, were included. The following manuals and scales were used for evaluation: the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) - a questionnaire for clinical assessment of dementia, the Neuropsychiatry Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q) - used for assessing neuropsychiatric symptoms, the Johns Hopkins Dementia Care Needs Assessment (JHDCNA 2.0) - an instrument that assesses the care needs of people with dementia and their caregivers, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) - a cognitive screening instrument, and DEMQOL. Data will be grouped for analysis of grouped and cumulative frequency and correlations between variables established using Microsoft Excel software. Statistical data will be processed with the STARTA software.

Results: The present study is under statistical analysis, with completion expected in June. The following hypotheses are intended to be investigated:

1. 1. Patients using pharmacological treatment for dementia with more clinical comorbidities use more anticholinesterase drugs.

2. 2. There is an association between the prescription of pharmacological treatment for dementia and the region of the country.

3. 3. Patients taking anticholinesterase drugs exhibit fewer neuropsychiatric symptoms compared to the population not using such medication and classified at the same stage of dementia.

4. 4. Caregivers of people with dementia using pharmacological treatment for it are less burdened than caregivers of the other group not using pharmacological treatment for it.

Conclusions: The exponential increase in dementia cases, in light of the global aging population, underscores the importance of investigating the factors associated with the pharmacological treatment of elderly people with dementia—to mitigate the obstacles that hinder adequate treatment.

Objectives: In the UK, district nursing services (DNS) deliver care to people in their own homes and have regular contact with people living with dementia. Research conducted with nurses working in similar roles outside the UK suggests their contribution to high quality dementia care is limited by compassion fatigue, lack of dementia training and low levels of confidence. However, there is a paucity of research exploring the role and learning and support needs of nurses within DNS. The aim was to gain insight into the role and experiences of nurses caring for people living with dementia at home.

Methods: The study was informed by a descriptive phenomenological approach. Semi- structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of ten nurses working in DNS. Data were analysed using a thematic approach.

Results: Participants described having considerable contact with people with dementia and managing increasingly complex situations despite little training in this field. Care was provided across the illness trajectory from detection and diagnosis of dementia through to end-of-life and the involvement of DNS was instrumental across all stages. Five main themes were identified: ‘Home as a care setting’ reflected how delivering home-based care shaped participants experiences of caring for people with dementia; ‘Taking it in their stride’ revealed how participants adapted and responded to the complexity of care needs for people with dementia; ‘Complexity and unpredictability’ related to the unpredictable nature of people with dementia’s care needs and the impact this had on participants’ workloads; ‘Expertise and support within the wider team’ detailed which networks nurses used for advice and support to manage the complex needs of people living with dementia at home; ‘Specialist support’ identified the need for structural changes and resources to enable the nurses to deliver the care needed.

Conclusions: This study enables better understanding of the role of DNS in supporting people with dementia to live at home. This is important for defining how dementia care can become effectively integrated into primary care. Recommendations include improved models of care, which factor in specialist nurses, additional time for home visits and greater emphasis on education and training.

The present study investigated whether children’s difficulty with non-canonical structures is due to their non-adult-like use of linguistic cues or their inability to revise misinterpretations using late-arriving cues. We adopted a priming production task and a self-paced listening task with picture verification, and included three Mandarin non-canonical structures with differing word orders and the presence or absence of morphosyntactic cues. Forty five-to-ten-year-old Mandarin-speaking children were tested and compared to adults. Results showed that children were indistinguishable from adults in how they used different cues in real-time, although their performance in offline comprehension and production was more prone to errors but improved given the increase of age. These results suggest that the current child sample has adult-like cue-use patterns and use late-arriving cues to revise misinterpretations. The observed worse offline accuracy and production difficulties relative to adults result from their less developed domain-general abilities in performing tasks.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to ascertain the influence of a six-month multidomain stimulation program on cognitive functioning.

Methods: The sample comprised 25 older adults 60 years-old and older (Mage = 66.08 years), of whom 96% were women and 54% had high education. The intervention program had a duration of six months and was implemented in a group format in one-hour sessions on a weekly basis. Lessons on neuroprotective factors, training in practical compensatory strategies to improve daily performance, cognitive training exercises and recreational cognitive stimulation activities were included. In order to analyze participants’ cognitive functioning the following instruments were used: Mini-Mental State Examination, Rey Complex Figure Test, Digit Span Test, Stroop Test, Trail Making Test (Part A and Part B), Verbal Fluency Test, Boston Naming Test (Short Form) and Neuropsi Verbal Memory Subtest. Wilcoxon test was performed to test the impact of the intervention program on participants cognitive functioning.

Results: Statistically significant differences were found after the six-month intervention in verbal memory encoding (W= –2.772, p< 0.05), in spontaneous verbal memory retrieval(freerecall) (W= – 3.456, p< 0.001), inverbal recognition memory (W = –3.184, p < 0.001), in spontaneous visual memory retrieval (W = –2.056, p < 0.05), and in naming by visual confrontation (W = –2.521, p < 0.05). In all cases, participants increased their scores after taking part in multicomponent a six-month multidomain stimulationprogram

Conclusions: One of the biggest concerns among older people is the loss of cognitive abilities that may occur with ageing. Cognitive stimulation programs, if sufficiently comprehensive, can be a good tool to maintain and improve cognitive functions as we age.

Background: The older adult population is growing in many countries worldwide, consistent with the aging of the vast baby-boom cohort. Older men have high rates of suicide in their post-retirement years, necessitating research investigating mental health promotion and suicide prevention in the peri-retirementperiod.

Methods: Secondary analyses were conducted of pre-group data from 83 participants in a study of Meaning- Centered Men’s Groups (MCMG; Heisel et al, 2020), an upstream community-based psychological intervention group for men over 55 facing the transition to retirement. Eligible participants met with investigators in an academic health sciences centre and completed measures of retirement satisfaction (RS), suicide ideation, and positive (e.g., psychological well-being, perceived social support, and life satisfaction) and negative psychological factors (e.g., depression, hopelessness, loneliness, and anxiety) prior to the start of a 12-week course of MCMG. Associations were investigated among measures of retirement satisfaction and the positive and negative psychological factors. RS was predicted to be positively associated with the positive psychological variables, and negatively associated with the negative psychological variables. We specifically predicted that RS would be negatively associated with suicide ideation, and that this association would be mediated by depressive symptom severity.

negative psychological factors in the expected direction. Retirement dissatisfaction was significantly associated with suicide ideation (Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale or GSIS), and particularly so with items assessing a perceived Loss of Personal and Social Worth. The association between RS and suicide ideation was significantly mediated by depressive symptom severity (Geriatric Depression Scale).

Conclusions: Retirement satisfaction is closely associated with self-reported mental health and well-being variables among middle-aged and older men facing the transition to retirement. Severe dissatisfaction with retirement may be a suicide risk indicator, necessitating investigation and potential intervention. These and other findings will be discussed in the context of the importance of meaningful engagement in one’s post-employment years.

Key Words: suicide ideation; retirement satisfaction; upstream interventions; meaning in life

Despite the attention (ing) has received in variationist literature, it is comparatively understudied in the North West of England where it holds something of a unique sociolinguistic profile. Variation in this region is between three competing forms: [ɪŋɡ] appears alongside the usual [ɪn]/[ɪŋ] variants. Based on sociolinguistic interviews with 32 speakers from this region, this study investigates whether [ɪŋɡ] replaces [ɪŋ] as the local standard or exists alongside it to fulfill a different sociolinguistic role. Results suggest that [ɪŋ] is maintained as the standard variant, and that [ɪŋɡ] occupies its own functional space as a feature of emphatic and hyper-articulate speech, appearing almost exclusively before pause. (ing) also shows no sensitivity to part of speech, despite the strength of this effect in other varieties of English. These results are discussed in the context of broader questions regarding the underlying representation of this variation, specifically its allophonic or allomorphic nature.

The incidence of petty corruption in public service delivery varies greatly across citizens and geography. This paper proposes a novel explanation for citizen engagement in collusive forms of petty corruption. It is rooted in the social context in which citizen-public official interactions take place. I argue that social proximity and network centrality provide the two key enforcement mechanisms that sustain favor exchanges among socially connected individuals. Bribery, as a collusive arrangement between a citizen and a public official, relies on the same enforcement mechanisms. Using an original dataset from a household survey conducted in Guatemala, the analysis shows that social proximity and centrality allow citizens to obtain privileges through implicit favor exchanges and illicit payments. These findings are not driven by better access to information about the bribery market. This paper contributes to our understanding of the role of preexisting social relations in sustaining corrupt exchanges.

The 2017-2025 WHO Global Action Plan on the response to dementia emphasizes the necessity of developing approaches to sustain physical, mental, and social wellbeing in people with dementia, their careers, and families. Since the publication of this Global Action Plan, there has been some progress, particularly regarding physical and mental well-being, while less progress has been made on social well-being, a well-being dimension whose importance was particularly highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic. In human beings’ social connection is established through communication. Hence, communication disabilities in the context of dementia negatively impact social well-being. This Symposium is constructed around three complementary approaches to enhancing social well-being in persons living with dementia.

The first presentation by Prof Yves Joanette approaches the concept of social wellbeing as per the WHO Global Action Plan for dementia, and the WHO Decade of Healthy Ageing plan. It will discuss links between social inclusion and communication, reminding the audience that communication can be affected even when cognitive impairments are hardly visible, insidiously crumbling social life since the very first stages of the illness, while pointing the tendency to isolating PLWD from the rest of the society (e.g., long-term care), particularly in pandemic periods.

The second intervention by Dr Marcelo Shapira will share his team’s Multidisciplinary and Sociosanitary Approach to Dementia Care and Social Well-Being, proposing a gerontological perspective to interventions at the person’s home, including pharmacological and non- pharmacological approaches to BPSD, a co-managing approach addressing complex situations, while learning from the person’s experience.

The third intervention by Pr. Ana Inés Ansaldo will address challenges to social wellbeing in the context of the vicious circle of uncommunication in dementia, and links with BPSD. It will develop the concept of emotionally grounded communication and its importance to preserve well-being through the continuum of dementia care. A presentation of pilot data on an intersectoral research project on the psychophysiological, verbal, nonverbal and markers of emotional communication will follow, followed by an overview of the COMPAs study as means to support person-centered care.

Intervention 1 – Social wellbeing as a central piece for the WHO Global Action Plan as well as for sustaining well-being in healthy aging - Yves Joanette, Professor, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Lab Director, CRIUGM, Montréal, Québec, Canada Member of the WHO Dementia Plan Advisory Committee and Former Chair, World Dementia Council

Intervention 2– Multi-disciplinary and Socio-health Approach to Dementia Care and Social Well-being: Experiences that Improve Management -Dr. Maria Sol Rossi

Intervention 3 – Human Expertise and Artificial Intelligence: Empirical and Clinical Evidence on the Role of Emotional Communication in Social Well-Being of Persons Living with Dementia - Ana Inés Ansaldo, Professor, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Director of the Neuroplasticity Communication and Ageing Lab, CRIUGM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

We report an experimental study of Rayleigh–Bénard convection of liquid metal GaInSn in a cuboid cell with an aspect ratio of 0.5 under the effect of a horizontal magnetic field. The Rayleigh number spans a range of $3.8\times 10^5 \leqslant Ra \leqslant 1.1\times 10^7$, while the magnetic field strength reaches up to 0.5 T, corresponding to a maximum Hartmann number to 2041. By combining temperature and velocity measurements, we identify several flow morphologies, including a novel cellular pattern characterized by four stacked vortices that periodically squeeze and induce velocity reversals. Based on the identified flow morphologies, we partition the entire ($Ra, Ha$) parameter space into five distinct flow regimes and systematically investigate the flow characteristics within each regime. The temperature gradient and oscillation frequency exhibit scaling relationships with the combined parameters $Ra$ and $Ha$. Notably, we observe a coupling between flow regime and global transport efficiencies, particularly in a regime dominated by the double-roll structure, which experiences a maximum 36 % decrease in heat transfer efficiency compared with the single-roll structure. The dependencies of heat and momentum transport on $Ra$ and $Ha$ follow scaling laws as $Nu \sim (Ha^{-2/3}RaPr^{-1})^{3/5}$ and $Re \sim (Ha^{-1}RaPr^{-1})^{4/3}$, respectively.

Objectives: To discuss a proposal for a cognitive behavioral psychotherapy protocol for people with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Behavioral Impairment framed within psychosocial treatments.

Methods: The lack of a specific psychotherapy protocol in Latin America for the selected population will be presented, as well as the need to complement cognitive stimulation treatment with cognitive behavioral psychotherapy for the corresponding cases. The literature explored in this theoretical framework will be addressed and the steps to follow in the aforementioned project will be proposed.

Results: Currently, there are two main intervention pathways for MCI and DM, known as pharmacological and psychosocial treatments. The latter become indispensable when considering them as multicausal and multidimensional pathologies and psychological treatments are part of them (Berriel and Fernández, 2007). Psychotherapy in particular allows patients to deal with behavioral changes and the experience related to the disease in a more functional way in the long term (Linnemann and Fellgiebel, 2017). However, there are few studies that address evidence-based psychotherapeutic interventions. Even in Latin America, there are no reports of protocols that can be generalized for application in clinical practice. Faced with this absence, the project of developing a specific cognitive behavioral psychotherapy protocol for this population isframed.

Conclusions: There are few studies that address evidence-based psychotherapeutic interventions, and there are not even reports of generalizable protocols in Latin America. In light of this absence, a project is underway to develop a specific cognitive behavioral psychotherapy protocol for this population based on the limited evidence, extensive clinical experience and adapted to the preferences and needs of the localpopulation.

To comply with Shiʿi theological-jurisprudential justifications and dogmatic traditions, the Iranian postrevolutionary legal system formally enshrined the principle of legality of crime and punishment within the Iranian Constitution and important legal provisions. Despite this formal entrenchment and codification of its criminal law, which together act as a legal constraint on the traditionally excessive power of Muslim judges, the Iranian theocratic system has exempted religious sins from this principle by blurring the distinction between crime and sin and criminalizing certain sinful acts with unclear language. These two legal mechanisms not only violate the principle of legality and amplify legal uncertainty, but their reference to Sharia law also binds the fate of the accused more tightly to the discretion of the judge than to the letter of the law. Consequently, the religiopolitical predilections of judges have become a determining factor in findings of criminal responsibility and imposition of punishment on citizens.

We find significant evidence of model misspecification, in the form of neglected serial correlation, in the econometric model of the U.S. housing market used by Taylor (2007) in his critique of monetary policy following the 2001 recession. When we account for that serial correlation, his model fails to replicate the historical paths of housing starts and house price inflation. Further modifications allow us to capture both the housing boom and the bust. Our results suggest that the counterfactual monetary policy proposed by Taylor (2007) would not have averted the pre-financial crisis collapse in the housing market. Additional analysis implies that the burst of house price inflation during the COVID-19 pandemic was not caused by the deviations from the Taylor rule that occurred during this period.

Objectives: Indoor air pollution exposure is harmful to people’s physical and mental health, especially in the elderly population, and represents a major issue for human health. Natural ventilation can improve indoor air quality and remove indoor contamination, thus reducing the adverse effects of indoor air pollution exposure on physical and mental health. Depressive symptoms are the most common mental health issue among elderly individuals. However, evidence linking the frequency of indoor natural ventilation to depressive symptoms in the elderly population is limited.

Methods: This study included 7887 individuals 65 years and older from 2017 to 2018 in the China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). The frequency of indoor natural ventilation was measured as the self-reported frequency of window opening per week in each season. Depressive symptoms were measured by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale (CES-D). Using a model adjusted for demographic, socio- economic, health status, and environmental factors, the correlation between indoor ventilation frequency and depressive symptoms was verified through logistic regression.

Results: Among the 7887 elderly people included in this study, 1952 (24.7%) had symptoms of depression. In the fully adjusted model, compared with the lower indoor overall ventilation frequency group (indoor ventilation frequency: 0–3 times/week), the higher indoor overall ventilation frequency group (indoor ventilation frequency: 6–8 times/week) showed a decrease in depressive symptoms by 33 % [OR: 0.67, 95 % (CI): 0.51–0.88]. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis yielded similar results.

Conclusions: High frequency of indoor ventilation is significantly associated with the reduction of depressive symptoms in Chinese individuals 65 years old or older. This result provides strong evidence for health intervention and policy formulation. Encouraging an increase in indoor ventilation frequency will be an economically beneficial measure to promote healthy aging of the Chinese population.

Background: Older adults may exhibit behavioral disturbance while medically hospitalized. Restlessness, removing medical devices, or wandering may lead to sentinel events including falls, elopements, or violence. The traditional consultation-liaison model addresses challenging or high-risk behaviors but is often reactive and may lead to missed opportunities. The interdisciplinary Behavioral Intervention Team (BIT) was implemented on the campus of Prisma Health Baptist Hospital in Columbia, SC to address and anticipate the need for behavioral health support on medical units.

Methods: A pilot BIT program was implemented in September 2019. Two psychiatric nurses were embedded on med-surg units as a part of medical and psychiatric interdisciplinary teams. After obtaining approval from the Prisma Health Institutional Review Board, a retrospective review was conducted to evaluate the correlation between BIT interventions and patient safety events. Two time periods were examined: six months with early-BIT efforts and six months with expanded-BIT efforts. Medical records and safety reports were reviewed, and statistical analysis was conducted in SAS Enterprise Guide 8.3. Statistical significance was based on associated p- values (p < 0.05).

Results: Of admitted patients during the study period (N = 1413), almost half were age 65+. Pre- existing psychiatric diagnoses were present in 58% of cases with mood, anxiety, and neurocognitive disorders being most common. A majority of patients were on psychotropic medications during both study periods; however, there was a significant decrease in the use of psychotropic medications with expanded-BIT efforts (71.2% vs 61.3%, p < 0.001). In comparing early-BIT efforts to expanded-BIT efforts, significant reductions in workplace aggression (6.7% vs 2.3%, p < 0.001), use of restraints (5.8% vs 3.4%, p = 0.034) and need for security (4.2% vs 0.8%, p < 0.001) were observed. Geriatric subgroup analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in the need for security only (4.6% vs 0.6%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Engaging BIT significantly reduced aggression, restraint use, and security interventions. As psychiatric comorbidities continue to impact overall treatment plans, care teams will need to prevent high-risk behaviors and events. Implementing an interdisciplinary BIT is feasible and effective in reducing negative outcomes.

Objectives: Older people with care needs are often supported by their older care-partners (50+). Over time, the increased demand in care needs can result in the care partner placing their own health needs aside. This study was aimed at establishing and piloting a novel co-designed Carer Health and Wellbeing Service (CHWS) that offers multidisciplinary (social work, psychology, occupational therapy, and physiotherapy) one-to-one support to care partners.

Methods: We conducted a pre-post 6-month study design including qualitative and quantitative Methods. Consenting individuals attending the CHWS completed five measures pre- and post- their interaction with the CHWS: Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool (CSNAT); Preparedness for Caregiving Scale (PCS); Family Appraisal of Caregiving Questionnaire (FACQ); EuroQoL Five Dimension Five Level Scale (EQ-5D-5L); and Health Economics Survey.

Results: Service operation commenced 1 day/week in March 2024 with 16 participants to date. Preliminary pre- service use indicates care partners feel underprepared for the carer role (particularly emotionally and psychologically), experience high levels of guilt when addressing their own care needs and are unsure about how to advocate or navigate the existing support system. Care partners have been coached to identify, prioritize, and address their current health and wellbeing needs. Additional findings regarding the implementation of the CHWS will be reported in this presentation.

Conclusions: The preliminary sample presents several emotional and psychological needs that need addressing. These will inform the type of support services to be provided as part of the CHWS, which will also be presented at the conference.

Objectives: Cancer’s impact on physical and mental health varies by sex. This study explores physical and neurocognitive characteristics among elderly cancer survivors and investigates sex- specific differences in cortical thickness related to a history of cancer.

Methods: This study is part of the Arakawa geriatric cohort study for people aged 65 years or older, consisting of 1,098 individuals. Participants provided a self-reported history of cancer and underwent face-to-face diagnostic interviews, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric depression scale 15 (GDS-15), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and three- dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Cortical thickness was measured using FreeSurfer software. We explored the associations between cortical thickness, cancer history, and clinical-demographic data using univariate and multivariable regression analyses. Each analysis was conducted for the entire sample and then stratified by sex.

Results: Of 1,098 participants, 189 (17.2%) reported a history of cancer. These individuals were generally older, with a higher proportion being men. Among men, those with cancer history had lower BMI, a higher prevalence of sleep disorders (PSQI ≥ 6), lower MMSE registration scores, and more MMSE comprehension impairments. Women with a cancer history showed no significant differences in sleep or cognitive functions. After adjusting for age, imaging acquisition site, education, estimated total intracranial volume, and dementia diagnosis, cortical thicknesses of cancer survivors was found to be reduced in the left posterior cingulate in men (B [95%CI)] = 0.31 [0.12–0.78]) and in the left paracentral lobule in women (B [95%CI] = 0.22 [0.02–0.54)]).

Conclusions: Cancer history in elderly adults is associated with sex-specific differences in physical, psychological, and brain structural characteristics. In men, links were observed with underweight, sleep disturbances, and specific cognitive dysfunctions alongside reduced cortical thickness in the left 2024 International Psychogeriatric Association International Congress, IPA posterior cingulate cortex. In women, no neuropsychological changes were noted, although reduction in left paracentral cortical thickness were identified. Future research should employ longitudinal Methods to deepen understanding of cancer’s long-term psychophysical effects, with an emphasis on sex-based differences.

Knuuttila and Morgan (2019) challenge the widespread understanding that deidealization is no more than a simple process of relaxing assumptions to build increasingly more realistic models. They submit that, in practice, processes of model deidealization are diverse and complex and thus warrant more explicit scrutiny. Drawing on a case from economics, my analysis extends their proposal by showing how narratives, as additional representational forms, can assume a crucial role in deidealizing mathematical models. I thereby propose to consider that processes of model deidealization are not necessarily exhausted by processes in which one theoretical mathematical model is replaced with another one.

Summary: The aging of the population poses significant challenges in healthcare, necessitating innovative approaches. Advancements in brain imaging and artificial intelligence now allow for characterizing an individual’s state through their brain age,’’ derived from observable brain features. Exploring an individual’s biological age’’ rather than chronological age is becoming crucial to identify relevant clinical indicators and refine risk models for age-related diseases. However, traditional brain age measurement has limitations, focusing solely on brain structure assessment while neglecting functional efficiency.

Our study focuses on developing neurocognitive ages’’ specific to cognitive systems to enhance the precision of decline estimation. Leveraging international (NKI2, ADNI) and Canadian (CIMA- Q, COMPASS-ND) databases with neuroimaging and neuropsychological data from older adults [control subjects with no cognitive impairment (CON): n = 1811; people living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI): n = 1341; with Alzheimer’s disease (AD): n= 513], we predicted individual brain ages within groups. These estimations were enriched with neuropsychological data to generate specific neurocognitive ages. We used longitudinal statistical models to map evolutionary trajectories. Comparing the accuracy of neurocognitive ages to traditional brain ages involved statistical learning techniques and precision measures.

The results demonstrated that neurocognitive age enhances the prediction of individual brain and cognition change trajectories related to aging and dementia. This promising approach could strengthen diagnostic reliability, facilitate early detection of at-risk profiles, and contribute to the emergence of precision gerontology/geriatrics.