Introduction: The elderly population presents aggravating factors for the risk of suicide that must be considered. In this sense, it is known that there is a tendency for elderly people not to reveal suicidal ideation and to make highly self-destructive attempts. Furthermore, poorly planned retirement, social isolation, death of a spouse, family and friends can make this situation worse. However, few studies address this topic and public policies regarding suicide among the elderly are still scarce.

Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of suicide among elderly people in different regions of Brazil between 2019 and 2021.

Methods: Quantitative, descriptive and exploratory, cross-sectional study. For collection, the DATASUS database was used, based on information regarding the cause of intentional self- harm codes X60 to X84, based on the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related HealthProblems.

Results: It was observed that in Brazil, among elderly people of both sexes, the highest suicide rates are found in the age group of 60 to 69 years, with the general proportion of suicides being higher in the male population. Furthermore, the Southeast Region had the highest number of notifications, while the North Region of the country had the lowest. The age group equal to or greater than 80 years, presented the highest number of cases in the South Region.

Conclusions: Suicide notifications are an alarm for understanding the risk factors that must be carefully identified through a broader look at issues of mental health in the elderly. This information makes it possible to understand the current scenario of deaths by region to detect populations with a higher incidence and understand the binomial of mental health and aging.

Introduction: Mild behavioral impairment (MBI), and particularly its impulse dyscontrol domain, has been linked to brain alterations suggestive of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in subjects without dementia. We aimed to analyze the association of impulse dyscontrol with the loss of integrity in white-matter brain tracts in a group of cognitively normal older adults.

Materials and Methods: Using linear regression models, we analyzed the effect of impulse dyscontrol scores (using the MBI-Checklist, MBI-C) on diffusivity metrics (fractional anisotropy, FA; mean diffusivity) controlling for age and sex in five white-matter regions of interest: cingulum, fornix, hippocampus, superior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and uncinate fasciculus. A total of 48 cognitively normal older adults were included in the study.

Results: The mean age of the subjects was 67.5 years, and 28 (58.3%) were female. The mean impulse dyscontrol score was 2.9 (SD: 4.8, Rng: 0 –22). The effect of the impulse dyscontrol score, controlling for age and sex, in the diffusivity measures of regions of interest was only significant in the fornix FA after multiple-comparison correction (weighted least squares model β = –3.65 x 10 –3, SE = 1.27 x 10 –3, corrected p = 0.03, R2 = 0.31).

Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first time that an MBI domain is linked to MRI diffusivity measures in a group composed exclusively of cognitively normal older adults. Our findings add to the growing understanding of MBI, and particularly the impulse dyscontrol domain, as a potential behavioral marker indicating a higher risk for developing neurocognitive disorders.

Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted on patients who underwent a cognitive evaluation between May and October 2022 at the memory unit of the Favaloro Foundation (Buenos Aires, Argentina) who had undergone a neuropsychological evaluation during the current year and were under the care of our cognitive neurology service. During the medical interview, patients were asked to show the objects they carry in their pockets (wallet, candy wrapper, cellphone, thread, loose coins, tickets, receipts, etc.). Each item was counted independently. The total number obtained was compared. The total number obtained was compared with the FAQ and CDR values of each patient. A correlation between these data was sought, and it was determined whether this relationship (number of items carried in the pocket/scale value) has predictive value to determine if the patient meets dementia criteria according to functionality (FAQ: 6 or more, CDR: 1 or more).

Results: The sample consisted of 26 male patients (n = 26) with an average age of 69 years and MMSE Mean: 27.73. Within this group, 80.7% had a diagnosis of dementia (of any etiology) and the rest were either healthy patients or patients with mild cognitive impairment. The non- parametric MANN WHITNEY test was performed using the R statistical program. A statistically significant difference was found when comparing the dementia group and objects in the pocket (wilcox_test p 0.00854). When comparing the group of patients with more than three objects and the presence of dementia, significant p values were also found (wilcox_test p 0.0363).

Conclusions: The number of objects in the pocket of patients with cognitive impairment could be a valuable tool for predicting dementia.

The presence of 3 or more objects in the pocket of a patient with cognitive impairment could correlate with a low score on the functionality scales (FAQ less than 6, absence of dementia stage).

Assuming Stanley’s P-partitions conjecture holds, the regular Schur labeled skew shape posets are precisely the finite posets P with underlying set $\{1, 2, \ldots , |P|\}$ such that the P-partition generating function is symmetric and the set of linear extensions of P, denoted $\Sigma _L(P)$, is a left weak Bruhat interval in the symmetric group $\mathfrak {S}_{|P|}$. We describe the permutations in $\Sigma _L(P)$ in terms of reading words of standard Young tableaux when P is a regular Schur labeled skew shape poset, and classify $\Sigma _L(P)$’s up to descent-preserving isomorphism as P ranges over regular Schur labeled skew shape posets. The results obtained are then applied to classify the $0$-Hecke modules $\mathsf {M}_P$ associated with regular Schur labeled skew shape posets P up to isomorphism. Then we characterize regular Schur labeled skew shape posets as the finite posets P whose linear extensions form a dual plactic-closed subset of $\mathfrak {S}_{|P|}$. Using this characterization, we construct distinguished filtrations of $\mathsf {M}_P$ with respect to the Schur basis when P is a regular Schur labeled skew shape poset. Further issues concerned with the classification and decomposition of the $0$-Hecke modules $\mathsf {M}_P$ are also discussed.

Objectives: Shared decision-making (SDM) is a promising approach to promote patient and person-centeredness in psychiatric clinical practice. Despite being an ethical requirement, implementing SDM might be challenging, particularly for patients with severe mental illnesses who may not always be recognized as having decision-making capacity, leading to physicians often taking control.

Methods: Case Report.

Results: Mrs. D, an 84-year-old Caucasian woman with a history of multiple depressive episodes since age 24 and hypertension, was brought to the Emergency Department by her daughters due to weight loss, depressed mood, hopelessness, anhedonia. She repeated that she had no heart and expressed fears of being hospitalized, believing doctors would remove her organs, which were no longer working, and described her arms as crumbling like sand. She was initially assessed for food refusal and delusional nihilistic thoughts, which started four months prior to presenting to the hospital after discontinuation of lithium carbonate due to intoxication and got progressively worse.

The patient met the criteria for MDD with Cotard Syndrome. Recommended treatments included ECT and pharmacotherapy. During her first ECT session, she presented a 10-second post-seizure asystole. After reevaluating her treatment, her daughters asked about alternatives. Although there were no contraindications to ECT treatment, the team, in collaboration with family members, explored options. A therapeutic strategy with venlafaxine, mirtazapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole, lithium carbonate, subcutaneous dextrocetamine was implemented.

Two months later, following 15 dextrocetamine infusions, she showed partial resolution of symptoms and was discharged with no delusional content in speech. She continued outpatient dextrocetamine infusions and achieved complete symptom remission within six months, regaining her autonomy and returning to gardening. After remission, the patient expressed a desire to avoid ECT if possible, should it be indicated in the future.

Conclusions: This report highlights the potential of SDM to explore and discuss scenarios during the informed consent process and gather information on the patient’s preferences in the event of a temporary decrease in capacity. SDM with elderly can be supported by advance care planning and directives, decision aids, training clinical staff, encouraging patient questions. Key steps include creating decision aids, training staff, and familiarizing older adults with SDM.

Objectives: To estimate the proportion of older adults in primary care screening positive for depression and identify associated factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1,639 older adults (aged ≥ 60 years) from fourteen primary care units in a city of São José dos Campos in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, between December 2023 and April 2024. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), with a score ≥ 3 being considered to indicate the presence of depression. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to evaluate associations between sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, marital status and employment) and health related variables (any chronic disease, alcohol consumption, and tobacco use) with a positive PHQ-2 score.

Results: The mean age of the 1,639 participants was 68.6 (SD ± 6.2; range: 60– 95). The prevalence of a positive PHQ-2 score was 20.5%. Women, those with chronic diseases, and current smokers were more likely to have a positive score, (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.33 –2.23, p < 0.000), (OR: 3.13; 95% CI: 1.50–6.56, p: 0.002), and (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.10– 2.18, p: 0.011), respectively. Those who had a job or a partner were less likely to have a positive score, (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.37–0.97, p: 0.036) and (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.55– 0.92, p < 0.010), respectively. There were no significant associations between age and alcohol consumption and screening positive for depression.

Conclusions: Mental health services in primary care typically serve as the initial interface between the community and healthcare services. A substantial proportion of older adults screened positive for depression, which was particularly associated with being female, not having a partner, being unemployed, chronic diseases, and tobacco use. Despite the cross-sectional nature of this study, the results suggest that these factors may play a significant role in the development of depression in this population, and underscores the importance of considering these factors when designing interventions and prevention strategies aimed at the mental health ofolderadults.

Modifying the food environment holds promise for instilling healthier behaviours in children and may be an effective public health strategy for preventing childhood obesity and adverse health outcomes. The school food environment is a valuable setting to influence most children’s dietary behaviours from an early age, yet evidence suggests that the New Zealand and Australian school food environment is not conducive to healthy food and drink consumption. The present study aimed to investigate the level of compliance in New Zealand and Australia with government guidelines for food and drink availability within schools and the subsequent effect on food consumption and purchasing behaviours of children. A systematic review utilising three databases; ‘PubMed’, ‘Scopus’, and the ‘Cochrane Library’ was conducted. The research covered peer-reviewed studies from both New Zealand and Australia that met predefined inclusion criteria. Fifteen studies focussed on assessing food availability within schools based on government guidelines, and ten studies explored food purchasing and consumption by students influenced by changes to the school food environment. Results showed low compliance with government healthy food guidelines for schools, and significant socioeconomic disparities. Western Australia's clear targets as well as the mandatory monitoring systems in place stand out as being a significant enabler of greater compliance with government food policies. Interventions aimed at improving healthy food availability and promoting healthy options in the canteen may positively influence student purchasing and consumption habits. Strategies such as feedback models and incentivisation hold promise for promoting healthier school environments and influencing children's food choices.

Introduction: Recently researchers started investigating brain aging and what factors can influence the way our brains age. As it is unclear at this point whether psychosocial stressor influence brain aging, the aim of the study was to investigate the association between psychosocial stress and brain aging.

Methods: Data from the German population-based cohort Study of Health in Pomerania (N = 991; age range 20– 78 years) were used to calculate a total psychosocial stress score by combining sub-scores from five domains: stress related to the living situation, the occupational situation, the social situation, danger experiences, and emotions. Associations with brain aging, indicated by an MRI-derived score quantifying age-related brain atrophy, were estimated by using regression models adjusted for age, gender, education, diabetes, problematic alcohol consumption, smoking, and hypertension.

Results: High emotional stress came with a relative risk of 1.21 (CI95% = 1.04 – 1.41) for advanced brain aging in fully adjusted models. Mental health symptoms additionally influenced brain aging, as statistically significant interactions between emotional stress and mental health symptoms on advanced brain aging indicate.

Discussion: Among the psychosocial stressors that we investigated; emotional stress seems to be relevant regarding brain aging. More research is needed to explore the potential pathways.

We prove that the period mapping is dominant for elliptic surfaces over an elliptic curve with $12$ nodal fibers, and that its degree is larger than $1$. This settles the final case of infinitesimal Torelli for a generic elliptic surface.

Let µ be a finite positive Borelmeasure on $[0,1)$ and $\alpha \gt -1$. The generalized integral operator of Hilbert type $\mathcal {I}_{\mu_{\alpha+1}}$ is defined on the spaces $H(\mathbb{D})$ of analytic functions in the unit disc $\mathbb{D}$ as follows:

\begin{equation*}\mathcal {I}_{\mu_{\alpha+1}}(f)(z)=\int_{0}^{1} \frac{f(t)}{(1-tz)^{\alpha+1}}d\mu(t),\ \ f\in H(\mathbb{D}),\ \ z\in \mathbb{D} .\end{equation*}

In this paper, we give a unified characterization of the measures µ for which the operator $\mathcal {I}_{\mu_{\alpha+1}}$ is bounded from the Bloch space to a Bergman space for all $\alpha \gt -1$. Additionally, we also investigate the action of $\mathcal {I}_{\mu_{\alpha+1}}$ from the Bloch space to the Hardy spaces and the Besov spaces.

This study aimed to assess nutritional status and associated factors among adult tuberculosis patients in public health centres in Horro Guduru Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia, 2021. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 334 randomly selected adult TB patients at public health centres from May 7, 2021, to June 21, 2021. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. The nutritional status was measured by using body mass index (BMI). Data was entered into EpiData version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. A bivariate and multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with nutritional status. The prevalence of under and overnutrition was found to be 48.2% and 8.7%, respectively. Female TB patients (AOR = 3.48, 95% CI: (1.918–6.314)), patients who didn’t receive dietary counselling (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI: (1.335–4.720)), TB patients on the initiation phase of treatment (AOR = 3.76, 95% CI: (2.072–6.852)), and meal frequency less than three times per day (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: (1.942–6.676)) were significantly associated with under nutrition. The prevalence of undernutrition was high in the study area. Being a female, being in the initiation phase of treatment, lack of dietary counselling, and having meal less than three per day were independently associated with undernutrition. Hence, regular nutritional assessments, dietary counselling, and nutritional support should be encouraged at the facility and community level.