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3320173 results

Page 158 of 166009

Democracy's Dhamma
  • Buddhism in the Making of Modern India, c. 1890–1956
  • Gitanjali Surendran
  • Published online:
    28 November 2024
    Print publication:
    31 December 2024
  • In 1956, B. R. Ambedkar publicly converted to Buddhism raising questions about his turn from constitutionalism to religion. The answer lies in Buddhism itself. In the late colonial era, the struggle to produce an appropriate Buddhism for a nation-in-the-making reveals a secret history foundational to modern India. Thinkers, activists, reformers, pilgrims, and monks from around South, Southeast and East Asia discussed universalism, nationalism, modernity, democracy, and caste radicalism and advocated an Indian return to Buddhism and the Buddha. This book traces this genealogy through the Buddhist itineraries and political projects of figures like Anagarika Dharmapala, Swami Vivekananda, Rabindranath Tagore, Jawaharlal Nehru, Vinayak D. Savarkar, Rahul Sankrityayan and Ambedkar, to reveal how Buddhism emerged as democracy's dhamma, the religion of democracy.

Slavery and Freedom in Black Thought in the Early Spanish Atlantic
  • Chloe L. Ireton
  • Published online:
    28 November 2024
    Print publication:
    05 December 2024
  • Weaving together thousands of archival fragments, this study explores a shared Black Atlantic world where the meanings of slavery and freedom were fiercely contested and claimed. It recreates the worlds of extraordinary individuals and communities in the long sixteenth century, whilst mapping the development of early modern Black thought about slavery and freedom. From a free Black mother's embarkation license to cross the Atlantic Ocean, to an enslaved Sevillian woman's epistles to her freed husband in New Spain, to an enslaved man's negotiations with prospective buyers on the auction block in Mexico City, to a Black man's petition to reclaim his liberty after his illegitimate enslavement, Chloe L. Ireton explores how Africans and their descendants reckoned with laws and theological discourses that legitimized the enslavement of Black people and the varied meanings of freedom across legal jurisdictions. Their intellectual labor reimagined the epistemic worlds of slavery and freedom in the early modern Atlantic.

Through the India-China Border
  • Kalimpong in the Himalayas
  • Prem Poddar, Lisa Lindkvist Zhang
  • Published online:
    28 November 2024
    Print publication:
    31 December 2024
  • Through the India-China Border mobilizes rarely used documentary material from British, Chinese and Indian archives to shed new light on our understanding of the 'Tibet Question' in China-India relations. Focused on the Himalayan border town of Kalimpong from the 1920s to 1962, it unearths a history of espionage and political intrigue that challenges the way that remote peripheries are seen from the 'centres' of nations. The innovative use of postcolonial and transcultural theory demonstrates how a multidisciplinary framework augments our reading of imperial histories, postwar politics, decolonisation and frontier cultures. Kalimpong emerges from this analysis as a key node in Himalayan history and in the mid-century fashioning of India-China relations.

From Masters of Slaves to Lords of Lands
  • The Transformation of Ownership in the Western World
  • James Q. Whitman
  • Published online:
    28 November 2024
    Print publication:
    16 January 2025
  • Today we think of land as the paradigmatic example of property, while in the past, the paradigmatic example was often a slave. In this seminal work, James Q. Whitman asserts that there is no natural form of ownership. Whitman dives deep into the long Western history of this transformation in the legal imagination – the transformation from the ownership of humans and other living creatures to the ownership of land. This change extended over many centuries, coming to fruition only on the threshold of the modern era. It brought with it profound changes, not only in the way we understand ownership but also in the way we understand the state. Its most dramatic consequence arrived in the nineteenth century, with the final disappearance of the lawful private ownership of humans, which had been taken for granted for thousands of years.

Camille Bulcke
  • The Jesuit Devotee of Tulsidas
  • Ravi Dutt Bajpai, Swati Parashar
  • Published online:
    28 November 2024
    Print publication:
    31 December 2024
  • This is the first English biography of the Belgian Jesuit, Padma Bhushan recipient and renowned scholar of Hindi, Awadhi and Sanskrit: Father Camille Bulcke (1909–1982). Father Bulcke came to India when it was still a British colony, found spiritual inspiration in the life and compositions of the great Indian poet Goswami Tulsidas, and emerged as one of the renowned exponents of the Ramkatha (The Story of Rama) and the Hindi language. This book attempts to read and critically examine his life, while also analysing his writings on comparative religious studies. In doing so, it provides a brief overview of the world of Hindi literature and its development in postcolonial India through the contributions of Father Bulcke, and highlights the cultural and religious encounters between the West and the East, Europe and India, Christianity and Hinduism.

Propertius and the Virgilian Sensibility
  • Elegy after 19 BC
  • Donncha O'Rourke
  • Published online:
    28 November 2024
    Print publication:
    05 December 2024
  • Propertius and the Virgilian Sensibility is an in-depth study of Propertius' final collection of elegies as the earliest concerted response to the poetic career of Virgil in its totality. Seven chapters show how Propertius' fourth book, published three or more years after Virgil's death, enacts the canonical status of Rome's foremost poet through an intimate conversation across a number of themes, from socio-political and historical questions centring on, for example, Rome's evolution from rustic past to 'golden age' superpower, gender and patriarchy, and warfare both international and internecine, to literary questions concerning the generic identity of elegy and epic, the appropriation of Callimachus, and the architecture of poetry books. Propertius' totalizing reading reveals an elegiac Virgil as much as it does an epicizing Propertius, with a sometimes obsessive attention to detail that enlarges familiar paradigms of allusion and intertextuality and has implications for how literary and textual criticism are practised.

The Backstage of Democracy
  • India's Election Campaigns and the People Who Manage Them
  • Amogh Sharma
  • Published online:
    28 November 2024
    Print publication:
    31 December 2024
  • Over the last decade, election campaigns in India have undergone a dramatic shift. Political parties increasingly rely on political consulting firms, social media volunteers, pollsters, data-driven insights, and hashtag wars to mobilize voters. What is driving these changes in the landscape of electioneering? The Backstage of Democracy takes readers to the hidden arena of strategizing and deliberations that takes place between politicians and a new cabal of political professionals as they organize election campaigns in India. The book argues that this change is not reducible to a story of technological innovations alone. Rather, it is indicative of a new political culture where ideas of political expertise, the distribution of power within parties, and citizens' attitudes towards political participation have undergone a profound change. Marshalling an eclectic range of data sources, the book breaks new ground on how we understand the workings of India's electoral and party politics.

A Clash of Color

A Woman's Job
  • Making Middle Lives in New India
  • Asiya Islam
  • Published online:
    28 November 2024
    Print publication:
    02 January 2025
  • Against the backdrop of rapid socio-economic change in post-1990 India, scholars and policy makers have expressed surprise at the low rate of women's participation in the workforce, particularly in urban areas. A Woman's Job presents a unique urban ethnography of young lower middle class women's lives in Delhi as they weave in and out of service employment, education, and domestic contracts. Urban, educated, and skilled, these young women seek employment in cafes, malls, call centres, and offices in the globalising landscape of Delhi. Their participation in work enables access to 'things', such as, jeans, smartphones, English language, and the metro, that symbolise global modernity. However, caught in a web of gender, class, and caste inequalities, their identification as 'working' women also generates social anxieties. The book shows how women adopt 'middle-ness' as a strategy of life-making at the multiple sites of work, home, and leisure.

Contested Childhoods
  • Caste and Education in Colonial Kerala
  • Divya Kannan
  • Published online:
    28 November 2024
    Print publication:
    31 December 2024
  • Contested Childhoods traces a complex history of caste, race, education, and Christian missions in colonial south India. It draws upon the vast Protestant Christian missionary archives of the London Missionary Society, the Church Missionary Society, and the Basel German Evangelical Missionary Society to showcase the processes of negotiation, tensions, and underlying violence in the encounters between European 'outsiders' and local populations on the question of education. It examines the interplay of caste and education in reshaping ideas and norms of modern childhood and lower-caste community building in the regions of Travancore, Cochin, and Malabar. Set against a comparative historical perspective, the book argues for a greater focus on subaltern histories, especially the meanings and practices associated with educating poor, lower-caste children within the confines of formal schooling and beyond.

Dalit Ecologies
  • Caste and Environment Justice
  • Mukul Sharma
  • Published online:
    28 November 2024
    Print publication:
    31 December 2024
  • Dalit Ecologies explores the ecological experiences, histories, and perspectives integrated within Dalit writing, art, and culture. Aligning with theories of environment justice and ecological struggles experienced by Black populations, the book delves into six major themes: caste, earth and earthly environment, labour, and mobility, casteization of technology and industry, climate justice, Dalit Bahujan Anthropocene, and eco-literary tradition. It looks at the relationship between caste and environment, Dalit autobiographies, folktales and novels, city, waste and discard, caste-based industry and occupation, technological injustice, weather, caste and climate change, and Black-Dalit ecologies. Expanding the boundaries of environmental studies, the book brings attention to individuals like Adwaita Mallabarman, Bama, Nek Chand and Deena-Bhadri on the one hand, and specific places and arenas like the rock garden, tannery, brick kiln, steel industry, and sanitation on the other.

Leaving Legacies
  • The Individual in Early Modern South Asia
  • Shayan Rajani
  • Published online:
    28 November 2024
    Print publication:
    28 February 2025
  • Leaving Legacies is a fresh account of the individual in early modern South Asia. A gendered practice carried out by men, leaving legacies involved assembling three kinds of material traces: monuments, books, and sons. Men laid claim to individual distinction within an ethics of remembering worthy individuals by joining their traces with those of men past and reworking older legacies. Their legacies joined their present to the past and future, while also drawing women and non-elite men into a hierarchical order centered upon the individual during Mughal rule and after. This book shows that a concern for the individual self was not an exclusively western phenomenon. Rather, the practice of leaving individual legacies was a crucial means for the production and reproduction of empire, family, and social order in South Asia.

India in the Interim
  • The 1947–1951 Government
  • Rakesh Ankit
  • Published online:
    28 November 2024
    Print publication:
    02 January 2025
  • This book looks at the governmental interregnum from August 1947 to the start of the first general election in October 1951, and is a narrative of some of its intermediate moments in light of contemporary politics. It is a multi-track chronicle, which draws attention to its discrete, if not determining, impact on the following decade of consolidation. While it is also a map of the prime minister's words and actions, drawn as it is mainly from his papers, it is embedded in the government. It describes a time of transitional governance in independent India's early political history and gives a glimpse of its multiple individual traits, identity tensions, and institutional trends. The Nehruvian gaze traced here shows what a constant flux governing in those unsettled post-partition years was.

‘New’ Women
  • Trans Women, Hijras and the Remaking of Inequality in India
  • Liz Mount
  • Published online:
    28 November 2024
    Print publication:
    31 December 2024
  • Recent global attention to transgender issues and new opportunities for trans people can appear as positive and progressive social change. 'New' Women challenges this assumption through an ethnography of emerging trans women and traditional gender non-conforming hijras in India. In many countries, people identify as either cisgender or non-cis identities like transgender and nonbinary. India is unique for its recognized, yet stigmatized, gender non-conforming hijras. This book explores changes in hijra groups due to economic liberalization and LGBTQ+ advocacy, particularly the rise of the trans woman. Liz Mount locates trans women within patriarchal and postcolonial histories that shape ideal womanhood in India. As trans women align themselves with middle-class, respectable (cisgender) womanhood, they distance themselves from hijras, perpetuating their exclusion. Ultimately, this intersectional feminist analysis shows that new forms of gender identity can reinforce old inequalities and what appears as progressive change for some trans people can marginalize others.
Meritocracy or Patronage?

Meritocracy or Patronage?
  • Political Foundations of China's Economic Transition
  • Fubing Su, Ran Tao
  • Published online:
    28 November 2024
    Print publication:
    05 December 2024
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  • This study interrogates the theoretical and empirical validities of two dominant theories about Chinese state in the post-Mao period. The authors argue that the meritocratic view has under-theorized the innate contradiction between officials' personal competence and political loyalty. In order to survive political struggles, political leaders need to rely on patronage networks to recruit followers and solidify trust, often at the expense of official competence. The popular view also misrepresents China's cadre assessment system in several important ways. The authors supplement this theoretical and anecdotal evidence with a systematic study of provincial level officials between 1978 and 2020. Contrary to the meritocratic view, leaders' economic performance does not increase their promotion chances. Work ties with central leaders, on the other hand, have provided provincial officials with advantage in promotion. This study contributes to general theories of autocratic state and inform the debate about autocratic growth in the political economy literature.

Page 158 of 166009