This chapter details to genital tract and sexually transmitted infections (HSV, VZV, Treponema pallidum, papillomaviruses, poxviruses, HIV, HBV, C. trachomatis, LGV). It gives information on symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, management, treatment, prophylaxis and infection control.

This chapter examines the Inns’ largest and most on-going source of concern regarding radical politics, Indian nationalists, whom the Inns sometimes conflated with Indian students more generally. Beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, men from throughout the empire, but in greatest number from India, came to London to study law. By the early twentieth century, burgeoning colonial nationalist movements gained visibility for their causes, sometimes through violent actions in the colonies or in London. Members of the Inns came to distrust the potentially radical politics of their overseas members, equating all imperial subjects with anti-British actions. The societies collaborated with the British government to consider quotas limiting the number of Indian students in London. They debated whether or not colonial students were capable of being trained to be self-regulating subjects who would willingly submit to and replicate existing structures of power.

This chapter considers the cognitive literature in relation to dyslexia, repeating the message that unitary explanations involving single processes are overly simplistic and multifactorial models are needed. Each of the various processes (deficits) that have been cited in the literature as having a potential causal role in reading disability is examined. Key processes considered in detail are phonological/phonemic awareness, rapid naming, short-term and working memory, executive functioning, auditory processing, visual processing, visual attention, and visual stress (scotopic sensitivity, psycho-motor processing). The educational and clinical implications that result from this body of work are considered.

This chapter presents a new, annotated translation of the anonymous Stadiasmos, written no later than the 3rd century AD but possibly as early as the 1st, whose surviving extracts add up to a gazetteer of towns, harbour facilities, and distances from Tunisia around the eastern Mediterranean as far as the southern Aegean. The chapter introduction discusses the author’s use of technical terms and their meanings, and the work’s relationship to the Latin Maritime Itinerary, suggesting that in light of its detailed navigational content it was probably a ‘piloting manual’ rather than a desk-based study for an ‘armchair geographer’ or an administrative document. Four new maps show a selection of places along the coasts described.

This concluding chapter briefly considers the puzzle of why belief in the supernatural is endemic in certain times and places but not, for the most part, in modern Western Europe. It explores a range of theoretical possibilities: salience; the theory dependence of observation; the effects of language, concepts, cultural conditioning; and what might be called cultural and scientific myths and liturgies. It then moves to a brief consideration of how the general thesis of the book relates to other ‘modernity stories’, including those of Charles Taylor, Brad Gregory, John Milbank, and Alasdair MacIntyre.

A theme that comes up time and again in our research is the importance of balance. Being with people 24/7/365 doesn’t benefit anyone, not the person doing it nor the people they’re hanging out with. If we’re constantly marinating in others’ thoughts and opinions, we can lose track of our own. By the same token, being on our own day-in-and-day-out isn’t good either. The trick is to have equilibrium between the two, the right amount of social time to fulfill an evolutionary imperative and the ideal amount of solitude to reap its reward. Ultimately, the needs for both belonging and separation are not opposing drives so, how can we achieve psychological integration? This chapter elaborates on how to do that and on the true cause of loneliness.

This chapter describes the legal topics treated in the biblical collections – topics that legal historians would use in their work. They include personal status, family law, property, contract, and harms.

From a road race with tens of thousands of runners, to a youth sports tournament welcoming hundreds of teams, to the Super Bowl and the World Cup, sporting events are often by definition mass gathering events. While many sporting events are staged primarily for the entertainment of fans, these competitions are also demonstrations of incredible athletic performance which carry inherent risk of serious injury to the participants. And though injuries may be anticipated in athletics, planning for the medical care at these events requires careful consideration and special preparation.

This chapter examines how, particularly in response to their growing middle-class population, the Inns of Court relied on their architectural spaces and social practices to ensure that all members of the bar embodied the ideal of the gentlemanly professional. In the absence of required classes, the societies stressed fraternization with older generations to inculcate new members with legal knowledge and the values appropriate to British barristers. The societies emphasized affective bonds and tried to cultivate fraternal relationships between their members. Yet in the mid-nineteenth century, the category of gentlemanliness was itself in flux, subject to divergent ideas of who could be a gentleman and how a gentleman should behave. Competing ideas of who belonged at the societies or what counted as gentlemanly behavior could result in unanticipated affective registers, including anger, indignation, and shame.

The introduction offers a wide-reaching conceptual overview of Making Sense of the Great War’s approach to morale, as well as outlining its structure. It foregrounds the monograph’s key concepts and contributions. It defines morale in both its historical and historiographical context, before offering this monograph’s conceptualisation of the phenomenon as a process as well as an end state. It argues that to understand morale, one must study how combatants either positively or negatively rationalised their role as soldiers and constructive members of the military. The monograph’s methodology and source material are also described – with a particular focus on its interdisciplinarity and use of a large swathe of contemporary ego-documents. The definitions of chronic and acute crisis are discussed alongside descriptions of the scholarly debates revolving around the three major ‘crisis periods’ the book covers. The introduction explains the book’s focus on the ways in which the physical environment, social groups, and individual psychologies interacted as men made sense of war.

In order to appreciate the imperial impact of the new security culture, the French invasion of Algiers in 1830 ought to be seen within the framework of the post-1815 Congress System and the Concert of Europe. Though the invasion of Algiers was essentially a unilateral action undertaken under the national flag, it nevertheless took shape through extended multinational deliberation and involved a fair share of diplomatic concertation among the different European Great Powers. French imperial aspirations became intertwined with the repression of Mediterranean piracy, which was understood as a shared, European project. In attacking Algiers, members of the French government sought to reassert the country’s position as a nation on par with the other Great Powers of the European continent. The conflict with Algiers allowed French officials to assert status through the much more ‘disinterested’, ‘European’ goal of ending piracy and bringing security to the Mediterranean Sea.