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1 results

  • 10 - Gels

  • Murugappan Muthukumar, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
  • Book:
    Physics of Charged Macromolecules
    Published online:
    16 February 2023
    Print publication:
    23 February 2023, pp 376-433

  • Summary

    Starting from a general description of model gels and key experimental variables, thermodynamics and swelling equilibria are described. Based on the fundamentals, behaviors of gels under tension, shear, and temperature variation are explained using a combination of theory and experiments. Phase transitions of gels, where volume changes of several orders of magnitude are of common occurrence, are presented in details to enable researchers to design new hydrogels for their intended industrial purpose.