The chapter opens with an account of human translation and the working conditions that human translators should be able to enjoy. A look at translators’ accounts of their métier emphasizes their enjoyment of the translating activity and the responsibility that they typically feel towards their source texts. The chapter also discusses machine translation (MT) and translation memories (TM), which are sometimes considered threats to human translation. However, it is equally possible that automation will enhance the roles of translators. The distinction between editing and revision is introduced and both post-editing and pre-editing are considered: pre-editing is undertaken to ensure that a first-written text can be rendered into another language as unproblematically as possible, using so-called controlled language, which contains rules for what must and what must not occur. The final section discusses the important issue of quality control of translators’ output. A set of stages of translation are identified, along with the practical measures that can be taken at each stage to ensure that the translation reaches the quality agreed between client and translation provider.