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1 - Physiology of ventilation and gas exchange
- By Hugh Montgomery
Edited by Iain Mackenzie
Book:

Core Topics in Mechanical Ventilation

Published online:

14 October 2009

Print publication:

30 October 2008, pp 1-20
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Summary

Among its many functions, the lung has two major ones: it must harvest oxygen to fuel aerobic respiration and it must vent acid-forming carbon dioxide. This chapter offers a brief overview of how the lung fulfills these functions. It also discusses some of the mechanisms through which adequate oxygenation can fail. A secure understanding of these principles allows an insight into the way in which mechanical ventilation strategies can be altered in order to enhance oxygenation and carbon dioxide clearance. Lung compliance represents the 'distensibility' of the lung and alters in disease. Homogeneous and matching ventilation and perfusion of all lung units would offer perfect gas exchange. There is a heterogeneity of ventilation/perfusion matching in normal lungs, and this may worsen in disease. The chapter also talks about diffusion and partial pressure, calculation of total dead space and estimation of total shunt.