In this chapter both hull girder longitudinal bending and torsional loading are treated. Ship-type bodies are considered in both still water and waves (quasi-static loading). The equations for longitudinal bending moment and shear force are obtained. Wave profiles are considered and the use of sectional area curves is illustrated. The balancing procedure of the hull girder on a wave is then described. The various factors that affect longitudinal bending moment and shear force distributions are discussed and reference is made to the Smith effect. Torsional loads are considered next and their generation is described in the case of both closed-deck and open-deck hull forms. Expressions obtained for torsional moments in the past as well as those included in the IACS Common Structural Rules are given. Wave loading of ship hulls is considered and classical linear strip theory is described. The IACS approach to estimating primary longitudinal bending loads and corresponding strength requirements is described. The role of classification societies in ensuring safety and durability is discussed, following which the formulas developed for bending moments and shear forces are presented.