Bacidia pycnidiata sp. nov. (Ramalinaceae) is described from Poland and the Czech Republic. It is the first species within Bacidia s. lat., referable to the Bacidina group, known to have sessile, long-necked, lageniform pycnidia bearing straight macroconidia. It has been found growing on saxicolous as well as on corticolous bryophytes and directly on bark of deciduous trees within young, hardly changed woodlands or in the vicinity of human settlements.