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Next to its purpose, a model may be characterised by the features it possesses. The features of a model are determined by the features of the system modelled as well as the model purpose. Five features are highlighted in this chapter. The first is spatial structure, where three types are distinguished: spatially differentiated, spatially explicit, and spatially differentiated and explicit. The second is dynamics, which can be considered in different ways. The third model feature is stochasticity or randomness. The fourth is variability among individuals (plants or animals in the ecological models, and human agents in the economic models), and the last is feedback loops, such that model components affect each other in a mutual way. As in Chapter 2, various model studies from the literature are used, and the relevance of each of the five model features is demonstrated by way of example.
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