This paper presents the method applied to history-match the Groningen field dynamic model to conventional data (pressure data and water influx data) and to subsidence data, which is a novelty. Modelled subsidence is matched to subsidence data based on a simplified geomechanical model, which was built into the dynamic simulator.

A two-tier method was used to first achieve a match on a field-wide scale using field-average history-match quantifiers, which was then further improved at a regional/well level using regional history-match quantifiers. The history match was assisted by a space-filling experimental design. The resulting model has a field-average match to pressure data of ±2.17bar with a measurement uncertainty of ±0.4bar, to water influx data of ±2m with a measurement uncertainty of ±0.5m, and to subsidence data of ±4cm with a measurement uncertainty of ±1cm.

The output from this model is used as input for compaction, subsidence and production forecasts feeding into the hazard and risk assessment completed by NAM for the Groningen Winningsplan 2016.

Tessellations of R3 that use convex polyhedral cells to fill the space can be extremely complicated. This is especially so for tessellations which are not ‘facet-to-facet’, that is, for those where the facets of a cell do not necessarily coincide with the facets of that cell's neighbours. Adjacency concepts between neighbouring cells (or between neighbouring cell elements) are not easily formulated when facets do not coincide. In this paper we make the first systematic study of these topological relationships when a tessellation of R3 is not facet-to-facet. The results derived can also be applied to the simpler facet-to-facet case. Our study deals with both random tessellations and deterministic ‘tilings’. Some new theory for planar tessellations is also given.