The Presidential Advisory Panel on Land Reform and Agriculture (PAPLRA) (2019) argued that ‘land reform must be oriented around growing the agricultural sector to foster economic development, and not purely be an endeavour to transfer land’. Land reform should contribute to rural standards of living and national economic growth. The chapter briefly examines the relative success of commercial agriculture in recent years, despite policy and climatic uncertainties. It then explores challenges faced in smallholder agriculture and argues that joint ventures and partnerships may be one effective route for intensification of production and enhancement of rural incomes. In a context where state funding and capacity is limited, involvement by commodity organisations and private sector groupings, as well as NGOs, provides a promising way forward. It is possible to expand opportunities for commercial agriculture at the same time as drawing on skills and capital for land reform. Inputs, marketing routes and connectivity are important elements in enhancing smallholder production. Examples are taken from sugar, wool, fruit and dairy schemes that have absorbed tens of thousands of participants.