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Roadblocks are an endemic feature of warscapes the world over, and a common sight along roads in many other places, signalling a form of violent contestation that is as pervasive as it is overlooked by political theory. It is therefore hoped that the arguments of this book will have some wider purchase beyond the already broad geographical swath of Central Africa with which it is immediately concerned. Some of the book's arguments and examples should certainly resonate across other settings and times, and indeed the parsimonious lens of roadblock politics has roots in a broad theoretical and historical soil. This concluding chapter explores the extent to which the tangle of roadblock politics, infrastructural dilapidation and the attendant crumbling of central state authority, and the proliferation of global supply chains, is exceedingly common across the world today. It turns out that supply chains the world over are shot through with roadblocks and their attendant circulation struggles. Looking ahead, as we seek to understand the emerging contours of order and disorder in the twenty-first century, the dynamics witnessed in Central Africa might forebode the kind of circulation struggles one can expect to proliferate alongside the spread of global supply chains and their fracturing of twentieth-century structures of political control.
There are so many roadblocks in Central Africa that it is hard to find a road that does not have one. Based on research in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the Central African Republic (CAR), Peer Schouten maps more than a thousand of these roadblocks to show how communities, rebels and state security forces forge resistance and power out of control over these narrow points of passage. Schouten reveals the connections between these roadblocks in Central Africa and global supply chains, tracking the flow of multinational corporations and UN agencies alike through them, to show how they encapsulate a form of power, which thrives under conditions of supply chain capitalism. In doing so, he develops a new lens through which to understand what drives state formation and conflict in the region, offering a radical alternative to explanations that foreground control over minerals, territory or population as key drivers of Central Africa's violent history.
The imposition of day fines and related questions on the optimal punitive policy have been for the last few decades one of the most extensively debated issues in the Slovenian criminal law scholarship. This chapter offers an overview of the historical development of day fines in Slovenia, provides a thorough discussion on its current regulatory structure, investigates its main sources of inefficiencies and problems of daily implementation, explores the issues of public perception of day fines and identifies the main obstacles, roadblocks and special challenges that lay ahead on the path towards the optimal implementation of day fines in Slovenia. Analysis suggests that the legislative infrastructure is in place for an optimal implementation of day fines. Yet, its de facto imposition, although on an increasing trajectory, is still far behind the percentage in some of the developed western legal systems. Ironically, the public discourse and some of the public prosecutors (and judges) perceive day fines as inefficient, unjust, ineffective and non-retributory.
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