Alexandre and Swokien’s chapter takes a look at reflexive constructions in the emergent variety of Cape Verdean Portuguese (CVP). They argue that the close contact between Cape Verdean Creole (CV) and CVP has some impact on the reflexive patterns available, but also that Cape Verdean speakers reconfigure the features of the reflexive construction of their native language (CV) into CVP. These observations are supported by two experiments – a sentence repetition task and a cloze test. Results show that there is significant variation in using reflexive constructions in CVP, indicating grammatical unsteadiness, but se ‘SELF’ omission is the preferred strategy.

Reviews the different kinds of dependencies that have been investigated in sentence processing: subject–verb dependencies, reflexives and reciprocals, etc. This chapter also synthesizes the available empirical evidence by carrying out meta-analyses that provide estimates of the effect of interest in each dependency type.

This chapter gives an introductory overview of the strategies used in mainland Southeast Asian languages for making verbal predications in the core of clauses. There is an overview of verbal marking including patterns of negation, aspect, and modality. An important feature of the area’s languages is the heavy reliance on serial verb constructions (or multi-verb constructions) for packaging information in clauses and sentences. The chapter surveys various sub-categories of multi-verb construction, including depictive/adverbial constructions and complementation strategies. The chapter closes with a section on valency-changing strategies, including syntactic causatives, reflexives, and reciprocals.