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This chapter traces the origins of the idea of social support within medicine and public health or social medicine. The public health concept of support was centred upon a network of community-based sources of medical, social and welfare assistance, which were to be organised around community mental health centres (CMHCs). The President's Commission on Mental Health in the United States promoted a policy to foster natural support systems in the wider community. The chapter then briefly discusses the nature of psychiatric disorder. Psychosocial theories include cognitive aspects, interpersonal aspects, social skills including assertion, attachment theory, social comparison, exchange and rank theory, social learning theory, coping and self-esteem and social development. In addition to mental health, general life course development, physical health and survival, have been considered to be outcomes that may be predicted by levels of social support. The chapter further focuses on issues relevant to clinical practice.
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