In this study, we use DNA barcodes for species delimitation to solve taxonomic conflicts in 86 specimens of 14 species belonging to the Corynoneura group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Molecular analysis of cytochrome c-oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences supported 14 cohesive species groups, of which two similar groups were subsequently associated with morphological variation at the pupal stage. Eleven species previously described based on morphological criteria were linked to DNA markers. Furthermore, there is the possibility that there may be cryptic species within the Corynoneura group, since one group of species presented internal grouping, although no morphological divergence was observed. Our results support DNA-barcoding as an excellent tool for species delimitation in groups where taxonomy by means of morphology is difficult or even impossible.

The Holotype of Spaniotoma (Smittia) bilobulata Edwards, 1931 : 299, is redescribed and transferred to the genusPseudosmittia (Goetghebuer) Brundin 1956 emended by Saether 1981. Furthermore P. neobilobulata sp.n. is describedand figured. The genus is first recorded in Argentina.

Les auteurs décrivent l'imago [math] et la nymphe d'une nouvelle espèce récoltée dans la rivière Yammouné (Bekaa-Liban) et la comparent avec la seule espèce européenne connue du genre Thienemannia gracilis K.