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3 results

  • Olfactory identification in young relatives at risk for schizophrenia

  • Matcheri S. Keshavan, Anvi Vora, Debra Montrose, Vaibhav A. Diwadkar, John Sweeney
  • Journal:
    Acta Neuropsychiatrica / Volume 21 / Issue 3 / June 2009
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    24 June 2014, pp. 121-124
  • Objective:

    Olfactory identification deficits (OIDs) are seen in schizophrenia, but it is unclear whether they are state- or trait-related.

    Methods:

    We examined the prevalence of OIDs, as assessed by the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), and their correlations with prodromal symptoms in young relatives at risk for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (HR-S).

    Results:

    UPSIT scores were lower in HR- S than in healthy controls, but were non-significant after covarying the effects of age, gender and IQ. OID deficits in HR-S were correlated, after covarying out the effects of age and IQ, with prodromal disorganisation.

    Conclusion:

    The potential value of OID deficits as markers of psychopathological vulnerability in young relatives at risk for schizophrenia deserves further investigation.

  • Olfactory identification dysfunction, aggression and impulsivity in war veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder

  • J. F. Dileo, W. J. Brewer, M. Hopwood, V. Anderson, M. Creamer
  • Journal:
    Psychological Medicine / Volume 38 / Issue 4 / April 2008
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 October 2007, pp. 523-531
  • Background

    Due to neuropsychological conceptualizations of orbitoprefrontal cortex (OFC) dysfunction underpinning impulsive aggression and the incidence of such behaviour in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), this study aimed to explore olfactory identification (OI) ability in war veterans with PTSD as a probe of putative OFC dysfunction; and to explore the utility of OI ability in predicting aggressive and impulsive behavior in this clinical population.

    Method

    Participants comprised 31 out-patient male war veterans with PTSD (mean=58.23 years, s.d.=2.56) recruited from a Melbourne Veterans Psychiatry Unit, and 31 healthy age- and gender-matched controls (mean=56.84 years, s.d.=7.24). All participants were assessed on clinical measures of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and alcohol misuse; olfactory identification; neurocognitive measures of dorsolateral prefrontal, lateral prefrontal and mesial temporal functioning; and self-report measures of aggression and impulsivity.

    Results

    War veterans with PTSD exhibited significant OI deficits (OIDs) compared to controls, despite uncompromised performance on cognitive measures. OIDs remained after covaring for IQ, anxiety, depression and alcohol misuse, and were significant predictors of aggression and impulsivity.

    Conclusions

    This research contributes to emerging evidence of orbitoprefrontal dysfunction in the pathophysiology underlying PTSD. This is the first study to report OIDs as a predictor of aggression and impulsivity in this clinical population. It prompts further exploration of the potential diagnostic utility of OIDs in the assessment of PTSD. Such measures may help delineate the clinical complexity of PTSD, and support more targeted interventions for individuals with a greater susceptibility to aggressive and impulsive behaviors.

  • Olfactory functioning in Gulf War-era veterans: Relationships to war-zone duty, self-reported hazards exposures, and psychological distress

  • Vasterling Jennifer J., Brailey Kevin, Tomlin Holly, Rice Janet, Sutker Patricia B.
  • Journal:
    Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 9 / Issue 3 / 25 March 2003
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    25 February 2003, pp. 407-418

  • To explore possible neurotoxic sequelae of Gulf War (GW) participation, olfactory identification performance, neurocognitive functioning, health perceptions, and emotional distress were assessed in 72 veterans deployed to the GW and 33 military personnel activated during the GW but not deployed to the war zone. Findings revealed that war-zone-exposed veterans reported more concerns about health, cognitive functioning, and depression than did their counterparts who did not see war-zone duty. There was no evidence that performances on olfactory or neurocognitive measures were related to war-zone duty or to self-reported exposure to GW toxicants. However, symptoms of emotional distress were positively correlated with self-report of health and cognitive complaints. Results do not provide support for the hypothesis that objectively-measured sensory (i.e., olfactory) or cognitive deficits are related to war-zone participation but do underscore the increasingly demonstrated association between self-reported health concerns and symptoms of emotional distress. (JINS, 2003, 9, 407–418.)