Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
  1. Home
  2. Search

Refine search

Refine search

Access:
Content type:
Publication date:
Apply   From and To filters
Subject: Show more
Journals Show more
Publishers: Show more
Societies Show more
Series: Show more
Collections: Show more

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

2 results

  • Chapter 25 - Sex after Pelvic Floor Injuries

  • from Section 2 - Specific Issues
  • Edited by Dan Farine, Pablo Tobías González
  • Book:
    Sex and Pregnancy
    Published online:
    09 November 2022
    Print publication:
    27 October 2022, pp 188-194

  • Summary

    During pregnancy and the postnatal period there are many changes that can affect sexual function. In general, during pregnancy there is a decrease in sexual desire, frequency of intercourse, and capacity for orgasm and sexual satisfaction, with these changes being more evident in the first and third trimesters and less so in the second. In the postnatal period hormonal changes involve a decrease in sex hormones due to the release of prolactin for breastfeeding. This can have a negative influence on libido and the emotional state in general, but also in the genital region, causing atrophy of the vaginal epithelium, which is thinner and more fragile, with less lubrication capacity. The prevalence of postpartum sexual dysfunction is frequent. Pain is the most frequent symptom, together with low libido. The main contributing factors are perineal trauma, breastfeeding, postnatal depression, fatigue, and sleep deprivation disorders, as well as changes in body image. Individualized assessment of women must be done at 6–8 weeks postpartum, allowing the implementation of specific techniques for pelvic floor recovery, and thus contributing to the prevention of future pelvic floor dysfunction.

  • 11 - Ultrasound and diagnosis of obstetric anal sphincter injuries

  • Edited by Davor Jurkovic, Lil Valentin, Sanjay Vyas
  • Book:
    Gynaecological Ultrasound in Clinical Practice
    Published online:
    05 February 2014
    Print publication:
    01 June 2009, pp 121-132

  • Summary

    Anal endosonography is regarded as the gold standard investigation in patients presenting with faecal incontinence. The endosonography is also useful in the diagnosis of anal pain, anorectal tumours, fistulae, abscesses and anismus. The advent of anal endosonography has enabled considerable research into obstetric related anal sphincter trauma, the major aetiological factor in the development of anal incontinence. The internal anal sphincter is a thickened continuation of the circular smooth muscle layer of the bowel and appears homogeneously hypoechoic. The external anal sphincter usually appears hyperechoic, but has a heterogeneous appearance. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) defines the striated components of the sphincter with greater clarity. In 1994, Sultan et al. first described transvaginal endosonography to image the anal sphincters at rest with a rotating probe. The development of anal endosonography added a new dimension to understanding the pathogenesis of anal incontinence and the diagnosis of obstetric anal sphincter injuries.