This chapter provides scientifically derived information on the proper exercise regimen for the middle-aged woman. Much research is published about the effects of exercise in older and younger women, but less information is available for middle-aged women. The chapter also addresses certain medical conditions/diseases pertaining to aging women and how exercise can function as a primary or secondary preventive tool. Available research data demonstrates that regular physical activity and exercise can improve all aspects of health, spirit, mind, and body. Exercise and physical activity can forestall the age-associated changes that can lead to dependence and disability. Regular physical activity and exercise can result in positive improvements in health and fitness. Moderate amounts of physical activity can reduce the risk of certain types of cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. The available evidence suggests strongly that physical activity and exercise can have a positive effect on morbidity and mortality.