A general address term in Communist China, the Chinese word
tongzhi ‘comrade’ was appropriated by gay rights
activists in Hong Kong to refer to members of sexual minorities. It has
positive connotations of respect, equality, and resistance. This article
focuses on the reappropriation of this word by a mainstream newspaper in
Hong Kong. The parodic use of tongzhi allows journalists to
ridicule gay rights activists so as to increase the entertainment value of
news stories. At the same time, it mocks activists' demand for
equality and may lead to the pejoration of the term. This study provides
synchronic evidence for sociolinguistic accounts that explain how lexical
items may undergo pejoration because of the context of their use. It shows
that because the meaning potential of a word is not bounded by the
intentions of its users, words that marginalized groups have appropriated
can be resignified yet again in hateful contexts.An earlier version of this article was presented at the First
IGALA (International Gender and Language Association) Conference at
Stanford in May 2000 and was published in the proceedings of that
conference. I would like to thank Penny Eckert, Jane Hill, Miyako Inoue,
Don Kulick, Sally McConnell-Ginet, John Rickford, and two anonymous
reviewers for their comments and suggestions.