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marine seismic

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7 - Ocean Bottom Marine Seismic Methods
- By Ian Jack
Edited by Hamish Wilson, Keith Nunn, Matt Luheshi
Book:

Integration of Geophysical Technologies in the Petroleum Industry

Published online:

25 November 2021

Print publication:

16 December 2021, pp 220-271
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Summary

This chapterreviews the development of “conventional” towed streamer marine seismic work from 2D through 3D, its shortcomings, and its continuing development into so-called “broadband” seismic. It describes and explains the recent trend towards ocean-bottom recording, currently mostly executed using nodes (OBN), whose market share has expanded from around 10% in 2013 to an estimated 25% in 2020. It covers the increasing requirement for higher quality seismic data to enable imaging of the very problematic subsurface structures such as subsalt plays, which require more extensive shooting geometries and extra low-frequency bandwidths. “Blended” sources are bringing costs down, and practical research includes the use of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), possibly even deployed as intelligent “swarms.” Cost comparisons of the current techniques are included.