In temperate trees, the extension growth history of stems and branches is easily inferred from the positions of the rings of over-wintering bud-scale scars, allowing one to assess environmental responses from surveys of saplings (Beaudet & Messier 1998, Canham 1988, King 2001). But tropical trees rarely show such distinct demarcations of growth flushes. Furthermore, the frequency of flushing may vary with tree size and environment, and a number of tropical species, often light demanding, show continuous leaf production and extension growth throughout the year (Coley 1983).
