To review suicide and suicide attempt trends in jails and prisons, it is important to begin with an explanation of the distinction between "jails" and "prisons". Among all children and adolescents, those incarcerated in the juvenile or criminal justice systems are at the highest risk for serious suicide attempts. A number of studies of suicide by delinquent adolescents focus on individual psychological and psychiatric risk factors, past suicide attempts and thoughts, sexual victimization, and gang affiliation, as well as demographic factors. The chapter talks about other risk factors for fatal suicide in the delinquent youth population, and Lindsay Hayes' survey on juvenile suicide in confinement. Mental health services available to adolescent delinquents and their living conditions within the juvenile system has recently become a focus of research. The existence of juvenile institutions and their underlying missions are based in part on the belief that delinquents are amenable to behavior change.