The section’s final chapter examines the relation between philosophy, poetry, and criticism, revisiting a number of concepts introduced in previous chapters, including the development of a historical imagination and of organicist ideas of nature and culture, the new interest in aesthetics as a moral source, and the rise of sensibility as a challenge to disembodied reason. All of these contributed to a sense of crisis inherent to Enlightenment itself. It first reads the English poets Thomas Gray and Edward Young, traditionally seen as precursors of European Romanticism, alongside Kant’s First Critique to show how the philosopher sought to save reason from Hume’s scepticism by making it the product of a shared knowledge based on nature rather than book learning. the chapter then explains how the notion of ideas as historically and linguistically mediated emerged out of Vico, Rousseau, and Kant, giving particular attention to the Genevan philosopher’s social thought. The last part examines the Kant-Herder controversy, which brought to a crisis key tensions in late-Enlightenment culture between critical reason and a direct, lyrical insight into natural causality. The latter was dismissed by Kant as a dangerous form of ‘genius-cultism’ that lent itself to revolutionary fanaticism.

The colobine monkey genus Semnopithecus includes gray, Nilgiri, and purple-faced langurs. Gray langurs (traditionally, S. entellus) have among the most extensive geographical ranges of all nonhuman primates, from Sri Lanka to the Himalayas, and are historically the most frequently studied colobine. Gray langurs have become key models in studies of sexual selection, niche partitioning, socioecology, optimal foraging theory, and movement ecology. Nilgiri langurs (S. johnii) are found in the Western Ghats of southern India; in addition to foundational descriptive studies, research on Nilgiri langurs has included inspired work on nutritional ecology and behavioral rhythms. Purple-faced langurs (S. vetulus) are found in varied Sri Lankan habitats and are perhaps the least-studied members of the genus; notwithstanding, they have been the subject of influential, interdisciplinary studies of locomotion, as well as one of the few detailed studies of predation on a colobine. All Semnopithecus appear to be characterized by considerable phenotypic plasticity, including a fluid leaf and/or fruit-centered diet with considerable site-specific differentiation in supplemental food categories, and variable social arrangements including single-male and/or multi-male, multi-female groups. There remain many opportunities to further advance our knowledge of this genus from novel biological, psychological, and anthropological perspectives.

The Briggs Plan is well known, but this chapter shows it instituted much more than a civil–military executive committee system and ‘population control’ through resettlement. Instead it aimed at a broader ‘geodemographic’ control of people and space, including ‘things’ such as food. It intended this to variously weaken insurgent–rural population links, provide ‘cover’ for the popultion to refuse what insurgents asked of them and create killing grounds as it forced insurgents to approach resettlements in more predictble ways. This chapter shows multiple individuals threatening resignation as the staggering scale of the plan – over 1 million were moved – tested people to the limit. It ends with promising signs but also still-high incident levels and rising concern in the wake of the killing of the high commissioner, Sir Henry Gurney, in October 1951. It also reminds us that even as geodemographic control was tightening and the first amenities for the resettled appearing, Briggs’s idea of clearing successive area was going nowhere. The operations were just too short, and too short of covering entire communist committee districts, to stop the MCP regenerating afterwards.