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1 results

  • Chapter 14 - Encephalopathy

  • from Part II - Case-Based Approach to Specific Conditions
  • Neville M. Jadeja, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Kyle C. Rossi, University of Massachusetts Medical School
  • Book:
    Critical Care EEG Basics
    Published online:
    22 February 2024
    Print publication:
    29 February 2024, pp 191-203

  • Summary

    This chapter uses a case-based approach to describe electrographic patterns associated with encephalopathy. Global cerebral dysfunction (encephalopathy) is typically characterized by a “low and slow” record that is not specific to any particular etiology. Severe forms show background discontinuity, absence of a posterior dominant rhythm, and loss of reactivity. Generalized rhythmic delta activity (GRDA) and generalized periodic discharges (GPDs) with triphasic morphology (triphasic waves) are two common patterns seen in encephalopathic patients. As with other rhythmic and/or periodic patterns, it is important to recognize that these patterns may lie on an ictal–interictal injury continuum (IIIC) and may need appropriate management. Cyclical alternating pattern of encephalopathy (CAPE) is a pattern of spontaneously alternating background changes that may have prognostic implications.