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4 results

  • 2 - Fitness of Means and Vocational Competence

  • from Part II - Military Necessity in Its Material Context
  • Nobuo Hayashi
  • Book:
    Military Necessity
    Published online:
    02 May 2020
    Print publication:
    26 March 2020, pp 19-36

  • Summary

    Chapter 2 illustrates how material necessity reflects a two-fold truism that it is in each belligerent’s strategic interest to do what is necessary and to avoid what is unnecessary. The notion evaluates how the means taken advances the ends sought under the prevailing circumstances. A given act can be a military necessity compared to some alternatives, yet a non-necessity compared to some other alternatives. Acts that are wasteful, excessive, inapposite, futile or purposeless are improvable military non-necessities rather than solely the results of war’s irresistible friction. The necessity assessment of particular action cannot be meaningfully generalised or seen outside of its factual context.

  • Favorable red and black on the integers with a minimum bet

  • Part of
  • Kevin Ruth
  • Journal:
    Journal of Applied Probability / Volume 36 / Issue 3 / September 1999
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    14 July 2016, pp. 837-851
    Print publication:
    September 1999

  • In a superfair red and black gambling house where the player must bet at least 2 units at each stage, a gambler wishes to maximize the probability of reaching a goal integer N before reaching zero. For win probability p > 1/2, when N is even, an optimal strategy is to bet 3 units when you have 3 units or N − 3 units and to bet 2 units otherwise. When N is odd, there are two strategies which are optimal depending on the value of the win probability p. When p is smaller than a certain value, p*, the above strategy is optimal, and when p is larger than this value, the timid strategy is optimal.