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echo words

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4 - Expressivity in Scots: A study of echo words
from Germanic
- By Jeffrey P. Williams
Edited by Jeffrey P. Williams, Texas Tech University
Book:

Expressivity in European Languages

Published online:

24 August 2023

Print publication:

07 September 2023, pp 91-102
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Summary

Scots, like too many other European languages, is viewed as possessing a dearth of expressivity in spite of evidence to the contrary. This chapter documents the fact that Scots possesses a wide range of forms of expressivity as part of its grammatical repertoire – including most notably echo word formations. Echo words are a type of apophonic reduplication where a root, stem, or other morphosyntactic constituent is partially reduplicated and there is a concomitant change in the echoant; the reduplicated, or copied, portion has no independent semantic value. The change in the copy portion can involve vowel ablaut, consonant alternation/substitution, or tone/register changes.