This chapter identifies and analyses the main climate change strategies at federal, state and municipal levels in Brazil, focusing on two processes: (i) the favourable context for decentralised policymaking and (ii) the scope for experimental policymaking and associated learning process among the constituent units. Two features of Brazilian federalism are highlighted. One is the fact that all levels of government have constitutional responsibilities for climate change policy, with a distinguished range of policymaking powers relevant to climate change governance, including both mitigation and adaptation. The subnational level of government (state and municipal) has been taking the lead in climate governance, especially to compensate for the federal level refusal to deal with climate change. Brazilian states and municipalities have developed climate change policies in order to govern issues relating to both mitigation and adaptation. The second is the availability of multiple forums for ‘experimental’ policymaking triggering processes of policy diffusion among the constituent units. Such forums constitute institutional arrangements that encompass multi-level units as well as agents from different segments of society, such as transnational cooperation networks and agencies, research groups, among others.