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  • 33 - Brain–computer interfaces for communication and control

  • from Section B4 - Translational research: application to human neural injury
    • By Jonathan R. Wolpaw, Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders, Wadsworth Center, NYS Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA, Niels Birbaumer, Institute Behavioural Neuroscience, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tubingen, Germany
  • Edited by Michael Selzer, University of Pennsylvania, Stephanie Clarke, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland, Leonardo Cohen, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, Pamela Duncan, University of Florida, Fred Gage, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego
  • Book:
    Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation
    Published online:
    05 March 2012
    Print publication:
    16 February 2006, pp 602-614

  • Summary

    As a communication and control system, a brain-computer interface (BCI) establishes a real-time interaction between the user and the outside world. Human BCI experience to date has been confined almost entirely to electroencephalographic (EEG) studies and short-term electrocorticographic activity (EcoG) studies. A BCI records brain signals and processes them to produce device commands. This signal processing has two stages. The first stage is feature extraction, the calculation of the values of specific features of the signals. The second stage is a translation algorithm that translates these features into device commands. The eventual extent and impact of BCI applications depend on the speed and precision of the control that can be achieved and on the reliability and convenience of their use. Simple BCI applications appear to have a secure future in their potential to make a difference in the lives of extremely disabled people.