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3 results

  • 18 - The Prevention and Treatment of Gambling Disorders: Some Art, Some Science

  • from Part IV - Prevention and Treatment
  • Edited by Steve Sussman, University of Southern California
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Substance and Behavioral Addictions
    Published online:
    13 July 2020
    Print publication:
    06 August 2020, pp 241-253

  • Summary

    The landscape of gambling has dramatically changed. In addition to more and more jurisdictions having casinos, electronic gambling machines, lotteries and sports wagering in close proximity to individuals, online gambling has dramatically increased. Gambling has moved from being a negatively perceived activity associated with sin and vice to its current state of being viewed as a socially acceptable recreational pastime. Upwards of 80 percent of individuals report having gambled for money during their lifetime, and governments throughout the world have come to recognize that regulated forms of gambling can be a significant source of revenue. While the vast majority of individuals have no gambling-related issues, an identifiable proportion of both adults and adolescents experience significant gambling-related problems. In spite of the growing body of research which has identified many of the risk and protective factors associated with excessive problematic gambling, a limited number of prevention and treatment programs exist. This chapter examines current knowledge concerning the efficacy of existing harm minimization prevention programs and treatment of gambling disorders.

  • 30 - Neurorehabilitation of executive function

  • from Section B3 - Cognitive neurorehabilitation
  • Edited by Michael Selzer, University of Pennsylvania, Stephanie Clarke, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland, Leonardo Cohen, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, Pamela Duncan, University of Florida, Fred Gage, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego
  • Book:
    Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation
    Published online:
    04 August 2010
    Print publication:
    16 February 2006, pp 475-487

  • Summary

    This chapter describes the cognitive deficits observed in patients with frontal lobe damage, which has resulted in the concept of the dysexecutive syndrome. Based on clinical observations, there are two major behavioral/cognitive syndromes that occur after damage to different regions of the prefrontal cortex. These syndromes reflect separable circuits of connections of the prefrontal cortex with subcortical structures. Careful characterization of the type of deficits observed in patients with frontal lesions has allowed for the development of cognitive models of executive function. The chapter reviews current cognitive and pharmacologic approaches towards treating executive function impairments. Improved understanding of the physiologic basis of executive function leads to a narrower and more useful view of prefrontal cortical function that hopefully allow the development of new therapies, both cognitive and pharmacologic, in patients with specific cognitive difficulties from damage to this critical region of the brain.

  • 24 - Can debriefing work? Critical appraisal of theories of interventions and outcomes, with directions for future research

  • from Part IV - Debriefing overview and future directions
  • Edited by Beverley Raphael, New South Wales Health Department, Sydney, John Wilson, Cleveland State University
  • Book:
    Psychological Debriefing
    Published online:
    06 January 2010
    Print publication:
    12 October 2000, pp 327-336

  • Summary

    This chapter draws together historical, social and psychotherapeutic strands as they contribute to the background of debriefing and its evolution. Its relation to military psychiatry, crisis intervention, narrative tradition, psychoeducation, grief counselling, group psychotherapy, behavioural and cognitive therapies, and psychopharmacology are touched upon and their implications for an eclectic model is considered. Acute preventive interventions can be implemented only if there is a broad acceptance of a notion of collective responsibility and the value of group survival of caring for such individuals. The essence of crisis intervention is that a clear precipitant exists and that the individual's distress is clear. If individuals with a normal biological stress response do not develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it raises questions of whether early and immediate interventions may modify the nature of the acute stress response in such a way as to increase the risk of PTSD.