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4 results

  • Differences in clinical aspects of human cystic echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and the G6 genotype in Neuquén, Argentina

  • María Florencia Debiaggi, Cristian A. Alvarez Rojas, Lorena Evelina Lazzarini, Daniel Calfunao, Paola Titanti, Liliana Calanni, Marisa Iacono, Silvia Viviana Soriano, Peter Deplazes, Nora Beatriz Pierangeli
  • Journal:
    Parasitology / Volume 150 / Issue 7 / June 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    20 March 2023, pp. 599-605
    • Article
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  • Most human cystic echinococcosis (CE) cases worldwide are attributed to Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s), followed by the G6 and G7 genotypes. While E. granulosus s.s. has a cosmopolitan distribution, the G6 genotype is restricted to areas where camels and goats are present. Goats are the primary livestock in the Neuquén province in Argentina where the G6 genotype has been reported to be responsible for a significant percentage of CE human cysts genotyped. In the present study, we genotyped 124 Echinococcus cysts infecting 90 CE-confirmed patients. Echinococcus granulosus s.s. was identified in 51 patients (56.7%) with 81 cysts and the G6 genotype in 39 patients (43.3%) harbouring 43 cysts. Most CE cases ≤18 years were male suggesting pastoral work could be a risk factor for the infection. Echinococcus granulosus s.s. was significantly found more frequently in the liver (32/51 patients) and the G6 genotype in the lungs and extrahepatic localizations (27/39). The patients infected with E. granulosus s.s., presented up to 6 cysts while patients infected with G6 presented a maximum of 2. The diameter of lung cysts attributed to E. granulosus s.s. was significantly larger compared to lung cysts from G6. Following the WHO ultrasound classification of liver cysts, we observed inactive cysts in 55.6% of G6 cysts and only 15.3% of E. granulosus s.s cysts. In conclusion, we provide evidence of differences in clinical aspects of CE caused by E. granulosus s.s. and the G6 genotype of E. granulosus s.l. complex infecting humans.

  • Gender-related differences in patients with bipolar disorder: a nationwide study

  • Massimiliano Buoli, Bruno Mario Cesana, Bernardo Dell’Osso, Andrea Fagiolini, Andrea de Bartolomeis, Emi Bondi, Giuseppe Maina, Antonello Bellomo, A. Carlo Altamura
  • Journal:
    CNS Spectrums / Volume 24 / Issue 6 / December 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    25 March 2019, pp. 589-596
  • Objective

    The possible presence of gender-related differences in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications. This multicenter study aimed to investigate gender differences in BD in the largest Italian database collected to date, on behalf of the Italian Chapter of the International Society of Bipolar Disorders.

    Methods

    A total of 1674 patients (males: n = 714; females: n = 960) from different psychiatric departments were compared according to gender on demographic/clinical variables. Owing to the large number of variables statistically related to the dependent variable (gender) at the univariate analyses, preliminary multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. A final multivariable logistic regression was then performed, considering gender as the dependent variable and statistically significant demographic/clinical characteristics as independent variables.

    Results

    The results of the final multivariable logistic regression analysis with previous statistically significant demographic and clinical variables were the following: female gender was less frequently associated with employment (odds ratio [OR] = 0.7, P < 0.01), lifetime single marital status (OR = 0.45, P < 0.01), and substance abuse in the last year (OR = 0.35, P < 0.01), whereas it was more frequently associated with a major number of lifetime major depressive episodes (OR = 1.78, P < 0.01) and psychiatric visits in the last year (OR = 1.38, P = 0.01).

    Conclusion

    Few significant differences were found between genders in BD, particularly for those clinical features that are associated with poor prognosis (substance abuse for males and number of depressive episodes for females). Transcultural studies are needed to identify cultural versus illness-related variables possibly explaining the different clinical presentation of BD in relation to gender.

  • 9 - Trichotillomania: The View from Dermatology

  • from Section II - Pellicular Impulses
  • Edited by Elias Aboujaoude, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, Lorrin M. Koran, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
  • Book:
    Impulse Control Disorders
    Published online:
    06 July 2010
    Print publication:
    08 February 2010, pp 111-117

  • Summary

    This chapter deals with clinical aspects of compulsive buying disorder (CBD). CBD must be distinguished from normal buying behavior, although the distinction is sometimes arbitrary. Frequent shopping does not by itself constitute evidence of the presence of CBD. A distinct clinical picture of the compulsive shopper has emerged. Four distinct phases of CBD have been described, including: anticipation; preparation; shopping; and spending. CBD behaviors occur all year but can be more problematic during the Christmas holidays and others, as well as around the birthdays of family members and friends. The Compulsive Buying Scale (CBS) was developed by Faber and O'Guinn to distinguish normal from pathological buyers. Psychiatric comorbidity is the rule in individuals with CBD. Some researchers suggest that CBD is related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and others that it is related to the substance use disorders, the mood disorders, or the disorders of impulse control.

  • 3 - Clinical aspects of child and adolescent psychopharmacology

  • Edited by Stan Kutcher, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia
  • Book:
    Practical Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology
    Published online:
    31 August 2009
    Print publication:
    18 April 2002, pp 70-90

  • Summary

    Pathology is operationally defined by a set of rating scales which addresses the dimension at issue. In psychiatry, many dimensions are measured with rating scales e.g. anxiety, depression, hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention, aggressiveness, extroversion, introversion, and emotional liability. The diagnostician's job is first to connect the symptoms/problems with which the patient presents with possible disorders that might be responsible for the symptoms/problems. For parents who consider medication treatment as the court of last resort, it may be sensible to recommend a trial of psychologic treatment with a time period built in such that continuation of problems after x number of weeks warrants reconsideration of medication. It is important to target psychosocial functioning separately from change in psychopathology. Other issues that complicate treatment include the presence of multiple disorders, which is the rule rather than the exception for children requiring medication treatment.