There have been several cultural, anthropologically based studies on reproductive ageing since the 1990s. The starting section of this chapter sets out what an ethnographic perspective entails and its significance in understanding reproductive ageing. The subsequent sections discuss the kinds of variation that exist within populations thought to be culturally similar and some of the challenges that the cultural perspectives present to current dominant thinking on reproductive ageing. The association of reproductive ageing with each childbearing and birth, as in the Gambian example, underscores a key anthropological understanding of the relationship between biology and culture: it can be non-linear and culture can influence biological ageing, bringing it forward or delaying it. Policies should encourage a gender- and sexuality-based perspective on ageing that recognises that the experiences of fertility, infertility and reproductive ageing are products of the unequal relations between the sexes.