This chapter helps clinicians to understand developmental changes in sleep patterns, screen for and identify common pediatric sleep disorders, know what tests and treatments to consider, and decide when to refer to a specialist. It describes the clinical presentation, basic evaluation, and management strategies for the most common sleep disorders in children in the following categories: insomnia, sleep-disordered breathing, hypersomnias, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, parasomnias, and sleep-related movement disorders. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common health problem, affecting 2% of children. Onset of narcolepsy typically occurs between 15 and 25 years of age with a prevalence rate of 2 per 1000. Multiple physiologic processes of our bodies, including our sleep/wake cycle, follow circadian rhythms with a periodicity of roughly 24 hours. Sleep-related movement disorders involve restless legs syndrome (RLS) and rhythmic movement disorder (RMD).