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2 results

  • 5 - Conventional Behavior and Bargaining – Advice and Behavior in Intergenerational Ultimatum Games

  • from Part II - Coordination, Distribution, and Trust Conventions
  • Andrew Schotter, New York University
  • Book:
    Advice, Social Learning and the Evolution of Conventions
    Published online:
    09 March 2023
    Print publication:
    09 March 2023, pp 111-137

  • Summary

    In the real world, when people play games, they often receive advice from those that have played it before them. Such advice can facilitate the creation of a convention of behavior. This chapter studies the impact of advice on the behavior of subjects who engage in a non-overlapping generational ultimatum game where, after a subject plays, she is replaced by another subject to whom she can offer advice. Our results document the fact that allowing advice fosters the creation of a convention of behavior in ultimatum games. In addition, by reading the advice offered, we conclude that arguments of fairness are rarely used to justify the offers of senders but are relied upon to justify rejections by receivers.

Bargaining Theory

Bargaining Theory
  • Peter Vanderschraaf
  • Published online:
    20 February 2023
    Print publication:
    09 March 2023
  • The Nash bargaining problem provides a framework for analyzing problems where parties have imperfectly aligned interests. This Element reviews the parts of bargaining theory most important in philosophical applications, and to social contract theory in particular. It discusses rational choice analyses of bargaining problems that focus on axiomatic analysis, according to which a solution of a given bargaining problem satisfies certain formal criteria, and strategic bargaining, according to which a solution results from the moves of ideally rational and knowledgeable claimants. Next, it discusses the conventionalist analyses of bargaining problems that focus on how members of a society can settle into bargaining conventions via learning and focal points. In the concluding section this Element discusses how philosophers use bargaining theory to analyze the social contract.