The single most important of the conditions for the availability of the exception is that the quotation be ‘compatible with fair practice’. As noted in Chapter 2, it was the introduction of the concept of fair practice that enabled the parties to agree on a quotation exception. Previous attempts to reach an international consensus, which had sought to limit quotation by reference to type of work, extent of taking or purpose had failed to provide a sufficiently flexible criterion. The concept of ‘fair practice’ (or ‘bons usages’) proved the magic solution.

Neither Party shall take unreasonable or discriminatory measures that would impair the legally acquired rights or interests within its territories of nationals and companies of the other Party in the enterprises which they have established or in the capital, skills, arts or technology which they have supplied ….

Acting in good faith is an elemental requirement in fulfiling duties where the rightholder has reposed trust or faith in the dutyower. Sometimes, these dutyowers are fiduciaries. From an ethical perspective an essential feature of the trust and agency relationships is that a principal is entitled to repose ‘trust’ in a trustee or agent – by ‘trust’ I mean the commonsense notion of trust, not the technical legal relationship of trustee and beneficiary. Even so, the practical relevance of the duty is typically misunderstood, in part because of common misunderstandings about the good faith duty’s relationship with fiduciary powers, trustworthiness, and good will. Acting in bad faith is a breach of faith or trust that has relevance to isolated pockets of trust and agency law. At an abstract and general level, where a trustee or agent acts in bad faith this allows the principal or the court to remove the trustee or agent, extinguishing his right to that role. The duty of good faith has nothing in particular to do with the exercise of fiduciary powers.