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4 results

  • Chapter 16 - Celebrity

  • from Part III - Scandinavian Reception
  • Edited by Narve Fulsås, Tore Rem, Universitetet i Oslo
  • Book:
    Ibsen in Context
    Published online:
    23 April 2021
    Print publication:
    15 April 2021, pp 136-146

  • Summary

    From the late 1870s Ibsen’s international fame started growing. His plays triggered debates and controversies, and the press followed him closely. His work generated immense public interest, as did his person and personal life, and by 1890 he was firmly established as a European literary celebrity. Nineteenth-century celebrities were – like modern celebrities – first and foremost media personalities. Their fame was promoted and maintained by newspapers, periodicals and magazines and, importantly, by new visual techniques like lithography and photography. This chapter describes how an iconic Ibsen was constructed in cartes de visite and cabinet cards produced in European photo studios during the latter part of the nineteenth century. As Ibsen’s fame grew, his portrait photos, originally meant for promotional use, entered the public sphere and began a life of their own. Eventually, they became collectors’ items to be kept in elaborate albums. After sketching the construction of the icon, the chapter traces its circulation in popular visual culture around 1900. Within the emerging consumer culture, portraits of Ibsen – like those of other celebrities – were printed on postcards and trade cards and used to promote a range of luxury commodities.

  • Analysing Mussolini postcards

  • Enrico Sturani
  • Journal:
    Modern Italy / Volume 18 / Issue 2 / May 2013
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    18 May 2016, pp. 141-156
    Print publication:
    May 2013

  • During the Fascist regime millions of postcards circulated featuring Mussolini in many different guises and forms. This article reflects on their production, distribution and consumption and considers the extent to which they can be seen as part of the propaganda of a totalitarian regime. It also explores the meanings of the imagery of a selection of postcards. It argues that Mussolini postcards, despite their vast numbers, amounted in fact to only a small proportion of those circulating under the regime. Moreover, many of them were produced by private publishers for profit rather that Fascist organisations or the state. Therefore they cannot simply be considered as a manifestation of totalitarianism and must rather be conceived in large part as an effect of the impact of Mussolini on popular culture.

  • Lessons Learned at World Youth Day: Collecting Data and Using Postcards at Mass Gatherings

  • Alison Hutton, Allison Roderick, Rebecca Munt
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 25 / Issue 3 / June 2010
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 June 2012, pp. 273-277
    Print publication:
    June 2010
  • Introduction:

    World Youth Day (WYD) and its associated activities were held in Sydney, Australia from 15–20 July 2008. The aims of this research were to pilot the use of postcards at mass gatherings and to collect baseline data of how young people (age 16–25 years) identify factors that may affect their health and safety when attending mass gatherings.

    Hypothesis:

    The concerns of young people in relation to their health and safety at mass gatherings are poorly understood. It was decided that postcards would be an effective method of data collection in the mobile mass gathering environment.

    Methods:

    The research setting was the Pilgrim Walk at WYD. Participants on this walk were young people. To measure their health and safety concerns, a postcard was developed using a Likert scale to rank their attitudes on a continuum.

    Results:

    Young people stated that staying hydrated, having enough to eat, and being safe in a crowd were important to them. They also indicated that they perceived, overcrowding, getting to and from an event, and violent behavior as the greatest risks to their health and safety at a mass gathering.

    Conclusions:

    The problems with postcard distribution at a “mobile” mass gathering have been identified. Even so, results gathered showed that young people were focused on “in the moment” aspects of their health; such as access to food and water. They also had concerns for their safety due to potential overcrowding and/or violent behavior.