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2 results

Rebuilding St. Paul's Outside the Walls
  • Architecture and the Catholic Revival in the 19th Century
  • Richard Wittman
  • Published online:
    11 January 2024
    Print publication:
    25 January 2024
  • In 1823, the fourth-century basilica of St. Paul's Outside the Walls in Rome was destroyed by a catastrophic fire, prompting debate as to whether, and in what style, it should be reconstructed. Two years later, Pope Leo XII made the unprecedented decision to rebuild St. Paul's as an exact replica of its predecessor, which resulted in the most expensive construction project in Rome since the early modern rebuilding of St. Peter's. In this study, Richard Wittman traces this reconstruction within the context of the Church's struggle to adapt to a radically changed and changing world. He offers new perspectives on European architectural modernity and its negotiations with the past, and problematizes received ideas about the sources and significance of architectural historicism. Proposing a new prehistory of the great Catholic revival after 1850, Wittman's study demonstrates the key role that religions motivations played in the formation of modern mentalities, and particularly the historicist component.

  • 7 - Andrea Busiri Vici and the Excavations of 1876: A Reassessment of the Archaeological Evidence

  • Edited by L. Bosman, Universiteit van Amsterdam, I. P. Haynes, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, P. Liverani, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy
  • Book:
    The Basilica of Saint John Lateran to 1600
    Published online:
    27 August 2020
    Print publication:
    17 September 2020, pp 114-133

  • Summary

    In 1874 cracks were noted in the apse of the Lateran Basilica which threatened the structureߣs stability. Their discovery led to the decision to investigate the condition of the walls and foundations. The works, begun in 1876, focused on the sector to the West of the apse and the Leonine Portico. They brought to light not only the foundations of the Basilica and portico, but also the remains of a preexisting edifice, the so-called ߢTrapezoidal Building/Insulaߣ. As the works progressed, a series of disagreements began to emerge between members of the commission regarding the fate of the apse and its mosaic decoration, executed by Jacopo Torriti in 1291. As director of the works in 1876, Busiri Vici endeavored to find solutions that would reconcile the different parties involved and culminated in the brilliantly envisaged relocation of the apse. These works included a plan for the subterranean portion of the Basilica that considered leaving in plain view the recently discovered ancient structures. This chapter discusses the highly detailed documentation produced by Busiri Vici and explains its importance for the archaeology of the Lateran.