For an accurate assessment of jaw movement, it is crucial to understand the comprehensive formation of the
masticatory muscles with special reference to the relationship to the disc of the temporomandibular joint.
Detailed dissection was performed on 26 head halves of 14 Japanese cadavers in order to obtain precise
anatomical information of the positional relationships between the masticatory muscles and the branches of
the mandibular nerve. After complete removal of the bony elements, the midmedial muscle bundle in all
specimens and the discotemporal muscle bundle in 6 specimens, derivatives of the temporalis, which insert
into the disc were observed. On the anterior area of the articular capsule and the disc of the
temporomandibular joint, the upper head of the lateral pterygoid, the midmedial muscle bundle of
temporalis and the discotemporal bundle of temporalis were attached mediolaterally, and in 3 specimens the
posterosuperior margin of the zygomaticomandibularis was attached to the anterolateral area of the disc. It
is suggested that these muscles and muscle bundles contribute to various mandibular movements. Although
various patterns of the positional relationships between the muscles and muscle bundles and the their
innervating nerves are observed in the present study, relative positional relationships of the muscles and
muscle bundles and of nerves of the mandibular nerve are consistent. A possible scheme of the
developmental formation of the masticatory muscles based on the findings of the positional relationships
between the muscles and the nerves is presented.