China is entering a deeply aging society gradually, and individual pension allocation behavior has a profound impact on the practice and effect of national strategies to actively cope with population aging. This paper constructs a dyad model based on the influence path of social network ties in individual commercial pension insurance purchasing decisions, and then validates the path by building a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) based on Bayesian approach with the national longitudinal sample data of China. The empirical results show that, firstly, strong ties social interaction (e.g., visiting friend's house) positively influences individuals' commercial pension insurance purchase behavior; secondly, the less the frequency of individual social interaction is, the less significant the positive influence of social interaction on individual commercial pension insurance product purchase is; finally, between 2013 and 2018, the intensity and frequency of social interactions among middle-aged and elderly people in China has been changed dramatically by the shock of the popularity and development of digital social tools. The influence of strong ties social interaction on insurance purchase behavior becomes weaker and weaker, while that of weak ties becomes stronger.

Human resource management in agriculture and associated risks are under-researched topics. To identify the sources of human resource management risks confronting dairy farms, gain insights into how dairy farmers perceive the impacts of these risks, and identify control strategies, four focus group discussions were held with dairy farm managers. Managers' perceptions served to develop a framework for the analysis of human resource management risks in agriculture and derive recommendations for reducing these risks. Results of this study have been used to tailor educational programs for farmers and suggest strategies for future research.

Historically, managers in livestock production have focused on production management; however, as operations have grown they have spent more time managing employees. Increased time spent overseeing employees brings additional risks and challenges, and, hence, a greater need for human resource management (HRM) skills. This study investigated HRM practices in pork production and analyzed their risk attributes through six focus group discussions with managers. Results were compared to existing data from four dairy focus groups and to other research. The results have been used to develop and adapt educational workshops for managers in pork production.