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2 results

  • Chapter 22 - Langston Hughes’s Short Fiction in 1930s Korea

  • from Part II - The Global Langston Hughes
  • Edited by Vera M. Kutzinski, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee, Anthony Reed, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book:
    Langston Hughes in Context
    Published online:
    10 November 2022
    Print publication:
    24 November 2022, pp 232-242

  • Summary

    This chapter examines Korean translations of Langston Hughes’s short fiction in the 1930s to trace Hughes’s inspiration for the willful violation of social order. In the mid-1930s when Korea was under Japanese rule (1910–45), Jong-su Yi introduced Hughes’s leftist vision to a Korean audience by translating “Mother and Child” and “Cora Unashamed.” The medium of the magazine facilitated this global dissemination of Hughes. The act of translating pieces from contemporaneous non-Japanese-language periodicals was Korean intellectuals’ deliberate means to keep abreast of proletarian developments in other countries while redressing Korea’s reliance on the colonizer’s cultural resources. By focusing on Hughes’s depictions of African American workers and their interracial relationships, Yi encouraged Korean readers to imagine living otherwise when adhering to the system of oppression and exploitation was the normative condition. Yi’s subversive practice of translation expands Hughes’s radicalism as manifested in racial and sexual transgression.

  • Chapter 9 - Organization: Top Down or Bottom Up? The Organizational Development of Consumer Cooperatives, 1950–2000

  • from Section 2 - Selected Core Issues of Cooperative Enterprise in a Historical Perspective
  • Edited by Patrizia Battilani, Università di Bologna, Harm G. Schröter, Universitetet i Bergen, Norway
  • Book:
    The Cooperative Business Movement, 1950 to the Present
    Published online:
    05 September 2012
    Print publication:
    27 August 2012, pp 222-242

  • Summary

    This chapter explores the historical development of cooperativism in Korea which has cultural characteristics different from those of the Western world. Financial cooperatives began operation in rural areas in 1907, three years prior to Chosun being completely integrated into the Japanese economy, and were extended to urban areas in 1918. No autonomous and civil cooperatives appeared in Chosun until 1920 when a few consumer cooperatives were established in Kyungsung and in Mokpo by some grassroots pioneers pursuing political independence through economic independence. In Korea, state influence on the cooperative sector was to become a permanent characteristic. In the sector of savings and credit cooperatives, there is a strong separation between the agricultural cooperatives of the national agricultural cooperative federation (NACF), CUs, and credit cooperatives (CCs), although they share similar goals and guiding principles, have overlapping membership, and are facing the same stiff competition from commercial banks.