Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×

Online ordering will be unavailable from 17:00 GMT on Friday, April 25 until 17:00 GMT on Sunday, April 27 due to maintenance. We apologise for the inconvenience.

  1. Home
  2. Search

Refine search

Refine search

Access:
Content type:
Publication date:
Apply   From and To filters
Subject: Show more
Journals Show more
Publishers: Show more
Societies Show more
Series: Show more
Collections: Show more

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

1 results

  • 9 - The Indian New Deal to Tribal Termination

  • from Part I - From Sovereigns to Wards
  • Adam Crepelle, Loyola University, Chicago
  • Book:
    Becoming Nations Again
    Published online:
    17 April 2025
    Print publication:
    24 April 2025, pp 131-145
    • Chapter
      • You have access
      • Open access
    • PDF
    • HTML
    • Export citation

  • Summary

    Allotment was intended to destroy tribal governments, but tribes survived. In the early 1900s, Jim Thorpe proved Indians still existed and could outperform the world’s greatest athletes. By stripping Thorpe of his gold medals, the International Olympic Committee also showed Indians endured discrimination. Nonetheless, Indians volunteered to fight in World War I at higher rates than any other group of Americans. Indians’ valor in combat inspired the United States to grant all Indians United States citizenship in 1924 – though some Indians did not want United States citizenship as they believed it was a means of eliminating tribal sovereignty. In 1934, Congress enacted the Indian Reorganization Act. The Act ended allotment, preserved tribal land bases, and was designed to foster tribal self-governance. Nevertheless, the Act imposed additional federal constraints on tribes. World War II pulled federal focus away from Indian affairs, and Indians’ successful service alongside whites prompted Congress to terminate tribal existence in order to assimilate Indians.