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A large body of literature has accumulated within the last decade concerning the fragile X syndrome, the most common cause of X-linked mental retardation. The first article of this review summarizes the peculiar genetic mechanisms and molecular biology properties (eg, unstable DNA triplet repeats), which have been characterized since the detection of the FMR-1 gene in 1991. However, the most important question concerning the function of the FMR-1 gene is still an unresolved issue and is in need of future research. The second article of this review addresses the clinical picture, neuropsychological functioning and psychopathological characteristics of pre- and full mutation carriers.
En la última década se ha acumulado un gran conjunto de publicaciones con respecto al síndrome del cromosoma X frágil, la causa más común de retraso mental vinculado al cromosoma X. El primer artículo de esta revisión resume los mecanismos genéticos y propiedades de biología molecular (por ejemplo, las repeticiones de tripletes de DNA inestables) peculiares que se han caracterizado desde la detección del gen FMR-1 en 1991. Sin embargo, la pregunta más importante con respecto a la función del gen FMR-1 es todavía una cuestión no resuelta y es preciso investigarla en el futuro. El segundo artículo de esta revisión se dirige al cuadro clínico, el funcionamiento neuropsicológico y las características psicopatológicas de los portadores de la premutación y la mutación completa.
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