The recognition heuristic (RH) is a hypothesized decision strategy that is assumed to enable individuals to make decisions quickly and with minimal effort. To further test this hypothesized strategy, an experiment assessed the proportion of RH-consistent selections when recognition was unconfounded with any other cues (at the group level). This was accomplished by showing participants a fictitious city in the beginning of the experimental procedure, before asking them to decide Whether the previously presented city or a novel fictitious city has the larger population. As hypothesized, people made significantly more RH-consistent selections than chance. Thus, Experiment 1 demonstrated that RH can explain a considerable proportion of participant decisions in a procedure that experimentally excluded alternative interpretations of that behavior. In a second experiment, each participant was given a training session with accuracy feedback. In one group, well-known cities were larger on 80% of trials. In another group, well-known cities were larger on 50% of trials. In a third group, well-known cities were larger on only 20% of trials. On a judgment task later in the procedure, on which there was no feedback, participants from the third group made significantly fewer RH-consistent selections than those in the first two groups. Overall, the present results experimentally remove potential confounds and ambiguities that were present in many prior studies. Specifically, Experiment 1 establishes that people’s choice of recognized over unrecognized objects truly does reflect the use of recognition, rather than other cues; Experiment 2 experimentally demonstrates that learned recognition validity affects the use of recognition, even with a small training sample.

In this paper the design and operation for a 2-Degree-of-Freedom, leg–wheel hybrid mobile robot are presented. A prototype of a low-cost and easy-to-use system, which is capable of straight walking and steering with two actuators only, has been designed and built. Simulation and experimental tests have been carried out to verify the engineering feasibility and operation of the proposed solution. The designed robot can be used for applications such as surveillance and inspection of disaster sites.

Dans cette étude, on présente une contribution à la modélisation expérimentale etnumérique du comportement élastoplastique endommageable anisotrope de tôles destinées à lamise en forme. L’accent est mis sur la localisation des instabilités plastiques induitespar l’anisotropie plastique et l’endommagement. La procédure d’identification desparamètres matériau du modèle de comportement est basée sur une approche inversed’optimisation s’appuyant sur des essais de traction orientés, associée à des simulationsnumériques (Abaqus/Standard et Matlab). La validation de la procédure proposée a pu êtremenée grâce à une confrontation entre simulations numériques et résultats expérimentauxobtenus sur des éprouvettes caractéristiques des tôles minces texturées en acier doux.L’application est ensuite faite à la simulation de procédés de gonflement hydraulique deces tôles avec prévision de l’endommagement ductile. Plusieurs cas en expansion libre(matrices circulaires et elliptiques) et en expansion dans des cavités de matrice serontprésentés et des comparaisons avec les résultats expérimentaux seront réalisées.

New laboratory tests are presented for the experimental evaluation and assessment of the piezoceramic shunted damping (PSD) concept for cantilever Aluminium thin (long) beams bonded symmetrically on their upper/lower surfaces with single pairs of small piezoceramic patches. Following these tests outcome, the PSD efficiency measure is proposed to be the so-called modal effective electromechanical coupling coefficient, which is post-processed from free-vibrations analyses under short-circuit and open-circuit electrodes of the patches. For this purpose, the tests are numerically modelled, analysed, and correlated using ABAQUS® commercial finite element (FE) code. Good tests/models correlations were reached after FE models electromechanical updating. This is attributed to the refined FE models in the sense that they have considered realistic and desirable features such as, electrodes equipotentiality, piezoceramic patches poling orientations (same/opposite), and the corresponding (parallel/series) electric wiring (connections).

Dans les pays européens à sismicité modérée comme la France, la plupart des bâtiments en béton armé a été construite avant l'application des normes parasismiques modernes. En raison de l'absence de prise en compte du séisme lors de leur dimensionnement ou de la modification de l'aléa sismique, de nombreuses structures en béton armé ne respectent pas les normes actuelles sans être pour autant moins sûres. Pour des raisons de sûreté, les structures industrielles et nucléaires font l'objet de réévaluations sismiques régulières. L'application des méthodes de dimensionnement donne des résultats irréalistes et surtout peuvent occulter les points faibles de la structure. Cet article présente les modèles non-linéaires utilisés lors de réévaluations sismiques. Ces modélisations ont été appliquées à la modélisation de structures portique et de nœuds d'ossature testées sur table vibrante à Saclay et sur le mur de réaction du CCR d'Ispra.