This chapter examines economic, social, cultural, and environmental rights under international human rights law. It covers the right to property, the right to a healthy environment, the right to adequate housing, the right to health, and the right to education. The chapter discusses the legal standards and protections for these rights, the obligations of states to ensure their realization, and the role of international bodies in monitoring compliance. It also highlights the challenges in achieving these rights, particularly in the context of economic inequality, environmental degradation, and social exclusion, and the importance of adopting comprehensive and inclusive policies to address these issues.

In the western Russian Empire and Romania the Germans occupied territory previously unknown to them. Austro-Hungarian officials had, at least in theory, some idea about both Serbia and the Russian Polish lands. Regardless of the starting position, however, each occupier had its own idea of the new regime it wanted to establish. To do so it would need the assistance of local people, but it had little or no intention of consulting them on the appropriateness of its plans. The question of official time is a good illustration of the approach taken by the occupiers. It so happened that the countries participating in the war were not only located in different time zones (Russia did not ratify the international agreement on this matter and left the setting of local time to municipal authorities), but also used different calendars. Every occupier put the clocks either forward or back, which was not devoid of symbolic meaning.