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  • Chapter 14 - Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Sporadic Miscarriage

  • Edited by Roy G. Farquharson, Liverpool Women’s Hospital, Mary D. Stephenson, University of Illinois, Chicago, Mariëtte Goddijn, Amsterdam University Medical Centers
  • Book:
    Early Pregnancy
    Published online:
    16 April 2025
    Print publication:
    08 May 2025, pp 137-152

  • Summary

    Miscarriage is the most common complication of pregnancy and is associated with significant emotional, social and economic impact. The diagnosis of miscarriage is made with transvaginal ultrasound examination following rigid diagnostic criteria which ensures a safe and accurate assessment for all women. This chapter outlines the evolution of national and international guidance on the ultrasound diagnosis of miscarriage highlighting when and why changes in practice have occurred. Diagnostic criteria are illustrated with ultrasound images and practical guidance is offered through inclusion of an annotated flowchart incorporating the most up to date evidence to protect women from the risk of inappropriate intervention. Once the diagnosis of miscarriage is made options for treatment include expectant, medical and surgical management. The chapter outlines fundamental information to discuss with women to facilitate informed decision making and provides guidance on the practical aspects of management of miscarriage.