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  • Chapter 4 - Classifications and the Diagnostic Process in Psychiatry

  • Edited by Marsal Sanches, McGovern Medical School, Texas, Jair C. Soares, McGovern Medical School, Texas
  • Book:
    Fundamentals of Clinical Psychiatry
    Published online:
    02 January 2025
    Print publication:
    16 January 2025, pp 19-26

  • Summary

    The diagnostic process is a crucial aspect of medical practice. Psychiatric diagnosis involves information gathering, mental state assessment, hypothesis integration with laboratory or imaging when needed, and data interpretation. Clinical reasoning operates through two systems: System 1, characterized by intuitive pattern recognition; and System 2, which employs meticulous critical thinking. These systems complement each other, with System 1 being faster but riskier while System 2 offers a more planned approach. Today, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) are the two primary diagnostic manuals. Despite their imperfections and reliance on symptom descriptions, the DSM and ICD remain indispensable tools in psychiatry for communication, research, and clinical decision-making.